Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish
Year 2022, Volume 8, Issue 1, 41 - 81, 25.01.2022Abstract
Discourse particles constitute an important part of spoken language; they have a wide range of pragmatic functions in interactional contexts. The object of the present paper is to introduce Kurdish discourse particles, clarify their functions in different discourse contexts, and briefly sketch some aspects of their grammatical properties. I will focus on Sorani Kurdish since this dialect has a rich inventory of discourse particles that have not so far been investigated. I will show that the majority of these particles convey multiple functions and display a great degree of free syntactic distribution, a noteworthy point. In addition to expounding upon their syntactic position, I will inquire into the types of sentences in which they can occur (declarative, interrogative, and imperative). Furthermore, I will argue that individual discourse particles can appear adjacent to each other to give rise to new combinations, and in some cases the order of the components participating in the combination can be reversed and still remain as acceptable forms. Finally, I will explore the interrogative contexts in which discourse particles can occur, and also distinguish between two types of particles that can affect the interrogative utterance in different ways.
Keywords
Sorani Kurdish, discourse particles, pragmatic function, interactional context, syntactic position, sentence type
References
- Barnes, B. K., 1995. Discourse Particles in French Conversations. The French Review, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 813–821. https://doi.org/1995
- Bartkova, K., Bastien, A., & Dargnat, M., 2016. How to be a discourse particle? Paper presented at Proceedings of Speech Prosody. pp. 858–863.
- Bayer, J., & Obenauer, H.-G., 2011. Discourse particles, clause structure, and question types. The Linguistic Review, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 449–491. https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.2011.013
- Beata, G., 2009. Sentence-types, discourse particles and intonation in Hungarian. Paper presented at Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung. Stuttgart, Germany. 157–170.
- Buscha, A., & Szilvia, S., 2011. B Grammatik: Übungsgrammatik Deutsch als Fremdsprache (1. ed.). Schubert.
- Çabuk, S., 2020. Discourse particles in Kurmanjî Kurdish-Turkish contact. International Journal of Multilingualism, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 467–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2018.1454450
- Coniglio, M., 2009. Modal particles in Italian. University of Venice Working Papers in Linguistics, vol. 18, pp. 91–129.
- Diewald, G., 2006. Discourse particles and modal particles as grammatical elements. In: K. Fischer, ed. Approaches to Discourse Particles. Leiden: Brill.
- Döring, S. and Repp, S., 2020. The modal particles ja and doch and their interaction with discourse structure: Corpus and experimental evidence. In: S. Featherston, R. Höring, S. von Wietersheim and S. Winkler, eds. Experiments in Focus: Information Structure and Semantic Processing. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 17.56.
- Egg, M., 2012. Discourse particles at the semantics-pragmatics interface. In: W. Abraham and E. Leiss, eds. Modality and Theory of Mind elements across languages. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 297-334.
- Fraser, B., 1990. An approach to discourse markers. Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90096-V
- Fraser, B., 1996. Pragmatic Markers. Pragmatics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.6.2.03fra Grosz, P., 2016. Discourse particles. In: L. Matthewson, C. Meier, H. Rullmann and T. Ede Zimmermann, eds. The Companion to Semantics. Wiley Blackwell, pp, 1-29
- Gyuris., B., 2009. Sentence-types, discourse particles and intonation in Hungarian. Paper presented at Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung. Stuttgart, Germany. 157–170.
- Karaj, D. M., 2021. Indonesian discourse particles in conversations and written text. Wacana Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 319–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v22i2.909
- Kim, M. S., Rhee, S., & Young Smith, H., 2021. The Korean discourse particle kulssey across discrete positions and contexts in talk-in-interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 182, pp. 16–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.06.002
- Massam, D., Starks, D., & Ikiua, O., 2006. On the Edge of Grammar: Discourse Particles in Niuean. Oceanic Linguistics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 191–205.
- Sabir, P. H. S., & Jawad, H. F., 2019. Adversative Discourse Markers in Kurdish Literary Texts. English Language Teaching, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 154–168. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n1p154
- Siebold, K., 2021. German dann _ From adverb to discourse marker. Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 175, pp. 129–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.01.010
- Stede, M., & Schmitz, B., 2000. Discourse Particles and Discourse Functions. Machine Translation, vol. 15, pp. 125–147. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011112031877
- Thackston, W. M., 2006. Sorani Kurdish. A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings. Harvard University Press.
- Trotzke, A., & Mayol, L., 2021. Catalan focus markers as discourse particles. Journal of Linguistics, pp. 1–35. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/S0022226720000481
- Wakefield, J. C., & Lee, H. Y., 2019. The Grammaticalization of Indirect Reports: The Cantones Discourse Particle wo5. In: A. Capone, M. Garcia-Carpintero, and A. Falzone, eds. Indirect Reports and Pragmatics in the World Languages. Berlin: Springer, pp. 333-344
- Yeganeh, M. T., & Gheitasi, M., 2014. Markers and their functions: A case study of three discourse markers in Ilami Kurdish. Global Journal of Sociology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 15–21.
- Zimmermann, M., 2011. Discourse particles. In: P. Portner, C. Maienborn and K. von Heusinger, eds. Semantics: An international handbook of natural language meaning. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 2012-2038
Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish
Year 2022, Volume 8, Issue 1, 41 - 81, 25.01.2022Abstract
Discourse particles constitute an important part of spoken language; they have a wide range of pragmatic functions in interactional contexts. The object of the present paper is to introduce Kurdish discourse particles, clarify their functions in different discourse contexts, and briefly sketch some aspects of their grammatical properties. I will focus on Sorani Kurdish since this dialect has a rich inventory of discourse particles that have not so far been investigated. I will show that the majority of these particles convey multiple functions and display a great degree of free syntactic distribution, a noteworthy point. In addition to expounding upon their syntactic position, I will inquire into the types of sentences in which they can occur (declarative, interrogative, and imperative). Furthermore, I will argue that individual discourse particles can appear adjacent to each other to give rise to new combinations, and in some cases the order of the components participating in the combination can be reversed and still remain as acceptable forms. Finally, I will explore the interrogative contexts in which discourse particles can occur, and also distinguish between two types of particles that can affect the interrogative utterance in different ways.
Keywords
Sorani Kurdish, discourse particles, pragmatic function, interactional context, syntactic position, sentence type
References
- Barnes, B. K., 1995. Discourse Particles in French Conversations. The French Review, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 813–821. https://doi.org/1995
- Bartkova, K., Bastien, A., & Dargnat, M., 2016. How to be a discourse particle? Paper presented at Proceedings of Speech Prosody. pp. 858–863.
- Bayer, J., & Obenauer, H.-G., 2011. Discourse particles, clause structure, and question types. The Linguistic Review, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 449–491. https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.2011.013
- Beata, G., 2009. Sentence-types, discourse particles and intonation in Hungarian. Paper presented at Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung. Stuttgart, Germany. 157–170.
- Buscha, A., & Szilvia, S., 2011. B Grammatik: Übungsgrammatik Deutsch als Fremdsprache (1. ed.). Schubert.
- Çabuk, S., 2020. Discourse particles in Kurmanjî Kurdish-Turkish contact. International Journal of Multilingualism, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 467–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2018.1454450
- Coniglio, M., 2009. Modal particles in Italian. University of Venice Working Papers in Linguistics, vol. 18, pp. 91–129.
- Diewald, G., 2006. Discourse particles and modal particles as grammatical elements. In: K. Fischer, ed. Approaches to Discourse Particles. Leiden: Brill.
- Döring, S. and Repp, S., 2020. The modal particles ja and doch and their interaction with discourse structure: Corpus and experimental evidence. In: S. Featherston, R. Höring, S. von Wietersheim and S. Winkler, eds. Experiments in Focus: Information Structure and Semantic Processing. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 17.56.
- Egg, M., 2012. Discourse particles at the semantics-pragmatics interface. In: W. Abraham and E. Leiss, eds. Modality and Theory of Mind elements across languages. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 297-334.
- Fraser, B., 1990. An approach to discourse markers. Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90096-V
- Fraser, B., 1996. Pragmatic Markers. Pragmatics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.6.2.03fra Grosz, P., 2016. Discourse particles. In: L. Matthewson, C. Meier, H. Rullmann and T. Ede Zimmermann, eds. The Companion to Semantics. Wiley Blackwell, pp, 1-29
- Gyuris., B., 2009. Sentence-types, discourse particles and intonation in Hungarian. Paper presented at Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung. Stuttgart, Germany. 157–170.
- Karaj, D. M., 2021. Indonesian discourse particles in conversations and written text. Wacana Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 319–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v22i2.909
- Kim, M. S., Rhee, S., & Young Smith, H., 2021. The Korean discourse particle kulssey across discrete positions and contexts in talk-in-interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 182, pp. 16–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.06.002
- Massam, D., Starks, D., & Ikiua, O., 2006. On the Edge of Grammar: Discourse Particles in Niuean. Oceanic Linguistics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 191–205.
- Sabir, P. H. S., & Jawad, H. F., 2019. Adversative Discourse Markers in Kurdish Literary Texts. English Language Teaching, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 154–168. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n1p154
- Siebold, K., 2021. German dann _ From adverb to discourse marker. Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 175, pp. 129–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.01.010
- Stede, M., & Schmitz, B., 2000. Discourse Particles and Discourse Functions. Machine Translation, vol. 15, pp. 125–147. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011112031877
- Thackston, W. M., 2006. Sorani Kurdish. A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings. Harvard University Press.
- Trotzke, A., & Mayol, L., 2021. Catalan focus markers as discourse particles. Journal of Linguistics, pp. 1–35. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/S0022226720000481
- Wakefield, J. C., & Lee, H. Y., 2019. The Grammaticalization of Indirect Reports: The Cantones Discourse Particle wo5. In: A. Capone, M. Garcia-Carpintero, and A. Falzone, eds. Indirect Reports and Pragmatics in the World Languages. Berlin: Springer, pp. 333-344
- Yeganeh, M. T., & Gheitasi, M., 2014. Markers and their functions: A case study of three discourse markers in Ilami Kurdish. Global Journal of Sociology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 15–21.
- Zimmermann, M., 2011. Discourse particles. In: P. Portner, C. Maienborn and K. von Heusinger, eds. Semantics: An international handbook of natural language meaning. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 2012-2038
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Social |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 25, 2022 |
| Application Date | October 23, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | December 26, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022, Volume 8, Issue 1 |
Cite
| Bibtex | @research article { ijoks1013894, journal = {International Journal of Kurdish Studies}, issn = {2149-2751}, eissn = {2149-2751}, address = {}, publisher = {Hasan KARACAN}, year = {2022}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {41 - 81}, doi = {10.21600/ijoks.1013894}, title = {Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish}, key = {cite}, author = {Radnia, Zanko} } |
| APA | Radnia, Z. (2022). Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish . International Journal of Kurdish Studies , 8 (1) , 41-81 . DOI: 10.21600/ijoks.1013894 |
| MLA | Radnia, Z. "Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish" . International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 (2022 ): 41-81 <http://www.ijoks.com/en/pub/issue/68153/1013894> |
| Chicago | Radnia, Z. "Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish". International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 (2022 ): 41-81 |
| RIS | TY - JOUR T1 - Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish AU - Zanko Radnia Y1 - 2022 PY - 2022 N1 - doi: 10.21600/ijoks.1013894 DO - 10.21600/ijoks.1013894 T2 - International Journal of Kurdish Studies JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 41 EP - 81 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 2149-2751-2149-2751 M3 - doi: 10.21600/ijoks.1013894 UR - https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1013894 Y2 - 2021 ER - |
| EndNote | %0 International Journal of Kurdish Studies Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish %A Zanko Radnia %T Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish %D 2022 %J International Journal of Kurdish Studies %P 2149-2751-2149-2751 %V 8 %N 1 %R doi: 10.21600/ijoks.1013894 %U 10.21600/ijoks.1013894 |
| ISNAD | Radnia, Zanko . "Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish". International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 / 1 (January 2022): 41-81 . https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1013894 |
| AMA | Radnia Z. Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish. Kurdish Studies. 2022; 8(1): 41-81. |
| Vancouver | Radnia Z. Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish. International Journal of Kurdish Studies. 2022; 8(1): 41-81. |
| IEEE | Z. Radnia , "Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish", International Journal of Kurdish Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 41-81, Jan. 2022, doi:10.21600/ijoks.1013894 |
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