International Journal of Kurdish Studies
Research Article
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Salim Barakat’s First Novel: Sages of Darkness

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 18 - 36, 25.01.2023

Aviva BUTT

https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1217182

Abstract

Aviva Butt has just finished translating in collaboration with the author, Salim Barakat’s first novel Fuqahā’ al-Ẓalām (Sages of Darkness) written in 1985. The translation was done from a later original Arabic manuscript roughly the same as the 1994 Baghdadi edition. Sages of Darkness is a Kurdish Sufi novel depicting Kurdish life in late Ottoman times. It is, in fact, a philosophical novel with a strong dose of psychological realism, written in a style derived from Classical Modernism. And so, it is mainstream literature, an achievement in view of the late start in novel-writing by the Kurdish far-flung writers’ community. The action line, full of suspense, violence, and murder, is greatly about the tribal notable “Avdei Sarei,” who does everything he can to ensure the survival of his business and the economic health of his endeavors. In this article, the translator of Sages of Darkness analyzes Barakat’s novelistic techniques for the purpose of prompting a better understanding of the novel, and by-the-by, if possible, to solve the enigma of the meaning of the title.

Keywords

Salim Barakat, poet and novelist, Sages of Darkness, Kurdish novel, psychological realism, Kurdish Sufism, Islamic Kabbalah

References

  • Adonis, (1985). An Introduction to Arab Poetics Translated by Catherine Cobham from the Arabic original. London: Saqi Books.
  • Adonis, (2005). Sufism and Surrealism Translated by Judith Cumberbatch from the original Arabic. London: Saqi Books.
  • Agha S. A. (2015). A Glimpse into the Relationship of Shi’ism and Sufism; With a special Emphasis on the Works of Mawlana Rumi. https://ahlulbaytblog.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/haydar-e-karrar.png .
  • Abdulkarim C. & Saeed I. (2019). The Burden of Colonialism and Alienation in the Modern Kurdish Novel. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 5 (2), 373 – 392. DOI: https//doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.530519
  • Ahmadzadeh, H. (2007). In Search of a Kurdish Novel that Tells us Who the Kurds Are. In: Iranian Studies: Taylor and Francis. www.jstor.org/stable/25597416.
  • Ahmadzadeh, H. (2011). Magic Realism in the Novels of a Kurdish Writer, Bakhtiyar Ali. Middle Eastern Literatures: incorporating Edebiyat, 14:3: 287-299. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475262x.2011.616713 .
  • Ateş B. S. (2022). Metinan Aşireti: Anlatıdan Tarihi Belgelere Bir Aşiretin İzini Sürmek (Metinan Tribe: Tracing a Tribe from Narrative to Historical Documents). İletişim, Istanbul
  • Auerbach, E. (2003). Mimesis: Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Translated by William R. Trask. Princeton University Press.
  • Babayiğit, M. V. (2020). Expressions of Determination, Success, Diligence, Stability and Laziness in Kurdish, Turkish and English Proverbs. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 6 (2), 244 – 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks. 760441.
  • Babayiğit, M. V. (2021). Semantic and Modal Analysis of Some Verbs in Kurdish, Turkish and English. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 7 (1), 123-139, https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks. 850817.
  • Barakāt, S. (1994). Sages of Darkness. Translated by Matti Peled from the Arabic with Afterword: (Bison Press, Nicosia Cyprus, 1985): Am Oved Publishers, Tel Aviv.
  • Barakāt, S. (1994). Fuqahā’ al-Ẓalām [Sages of Darkness]. Baghdad: Al-Mada Publishing House (1st edition).
  • Barakāt, S. (2007). al-Aʽmāl al-Shi‘riyyah—Salīm Barakāt. Beirut: al-Mu’assash al-‘Arabiyya lil-Dirāsāt wa-l-Nashr [The Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing]. https://www.noor-book.com/en/ebook
  • Bar-Asher, A. (2020). The Ontology, Arrangement, and Appearance of Paradise in Castilian Kabbalah in Light of Contemporary Islamic Traditions from al-Andalus, Religions, 11, 553. DOI:10.3390/rel11110553.
  • Blanchot, M. (1982). The Space of Literature. Translated from the French original with Introduction by Ann Smock. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Bocheńska, J. (2021). An Intellectual on a Mission: Abdullah Jalal Fatah, his dissertation on Kurdish culture 1978, and heritage making, inspired by Józef Chałasiński and Polish academia. Kurdish Studies 9 (2), p.:155-173. https://doi.org/10.33182/ks.v9i2.577.
  • Bocheńska, J. (2022). Dengbêj to Modern Writer: Heritagization of the Kurdish Oral Tradition and Revitalization of the Kurdish Language in the Works of Mehmed Uzun and Mehmet Dicle. Iranian Studies, p: 1-29. DOI:10.1017/irn.2022.1.
  • Butt, A. (2013). Poets From a War Torn World. Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co., U.S.A.
  • Butt, A. (2013). On Screenwriting and Love and Politics: The Screenplay “Blue Mist. Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co., U.S.A.
  • Butt, A. (2018). The Unimaginative Symbols of Salim Barakat. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 4 (2), 294–308. doi:10.21600/ijoks.454197
  • Butt, A. (2019). Salim Barakat as Arbiter Between Good and Evil: According to His Long Poem al-Mu‘jam (The Obscure). ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences of April 26-28, Antalya Turkey, p. 32-36.
  • Butt, A. (2020). “Salīm Barakāt as Arbiter between Good and Evil: According to His Long Poem al-Mu‘jam (The Obscure).” International Journal of Kurdish Studies 6 (1), p. 52-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.641719
  • Butt, A. (2021). Salim Barakat, Mahmud Darwish, and the Kurdish and Palestinian Similitude: Qamishli Extended. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. UK. pp. 270
  • Butt, A. (2022). Salim Barakat’s novel, Sages of Darkness: ―Who is Benav’s son Bekas?‖. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 (1), 82-98, DOI:https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1028134
  • Butt, A. (2022). Salim Barakat‘s Genuine Novelistic Techniques: Sages of Darkness. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 (2), 227-237, DOI:https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1111618
  • Butt, A. (2022). A Reading from Salim Barakat’s First Novel Sages of Darkness. ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences May 7-8, Kyrenia TRNC, p.: 2-8.
  • Chittick, W. C. (2019). Rūmī on Traveling the Path of the Prophet. http://www.williamcchittick.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Rumi-on-Traveling-the-Path-of-the-Prophet.pdf .
  • Dag, R. (2014). Ottoman Reforms and Kurdish Reactions in the 19th Century.” Jimar 2:1, p.: 47-74. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/416627.
  • Eppel, M. (2016). A People without a State: The Kurds From the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism. Austin: University of Texas Press. DOI: 10.7560/309117.
  • Field, S. (1994). Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting (1979). Third Edition (Revised and updated). New York, New York: Dell Publishing Paperback.
  • Gasimova, A. (2014). Models, Portraits, and Signs of Fate in Ancient Arabian Tradition. Journal of Near Eastern Studies vol. 73 (2), p.: 319-340. Published online by The University of Chicago Press: www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/677285.
  • Gasimova, Aida. (2014). Qur’anic Symbolism of the Eyes in Classical Azeri Turkic Poetry. Oriens 43. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04301005.
  • Gasimova, A. (2018).Types and Images of Beauty in the Classical Azerbaijani Poetry. Risalә Araşdırmalar toplusu 14. Baku: “Elm vә tahsil,” pp. 24-28.
  • Gasimova, A. (2019). The fire borrowed from magus”: Sacred and profane fire traditions in pre- Islamic Arabia. ANES 56: p.: 329-345. DOI: 10.2143/ANES.56.0.3286822.
  • Henry, J.(1997). The Scientific Revolution and the Origins of Modern Science. Chapter 5 (The Mechanical Philosophy), London: Red Globe Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25512-2.
  • Kappagoda, A. K. (2004). Semiosis as the Sixth Sense: Theorising the Unperceived in Ancient Greek. Dissertation in Discourse Analysis, Dept of Linguistics, MacQuarie University, Australia.
  • Karacan, H., & Babayiğit, M. V. (2017). Türk ve Kürt Dillerinin Sentaks (Sözdizimsel) Karşılaştırması. Tiydem Yayıncılık, Editör: Hasan KARACAN, Basım sayısı, 3, 7-31.
  • Karacan, H., & Butt, A. (2021). The Antiquity of Kurmanji Kurdish and the Biblical Book of Nahum. Prizren Social Science Journal, 5(1), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v5i1.206
  • Karacan, H., Butt, A. (2021). On the Use of Poetry in Oral and Written Literature: The Voice of the Obscure. ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences of September 18-19, Kyrenia TRNC, p.: 128-136.
  • Klagisz, M. M. (2014). Oral Character of Middle Persian Literature—New Perspective. Rocznik Orientalistyczny (Yearbook of Oriental Studies) T. LXVII. Z.1. p.:151-168. Journals.pan.pl/TO/95340.
  • Kliger, I. (2010). Shapes of History and the Enigmatic Hero in Dostoevsky: The Case of Crime and Punishment.” Comparative Literature 62:3 University of Oregon. DOI: 10.1215/00104124-2010-012. www.jstor.org/stable/40962856.
  • Meyerhoff, H. (1960). Time in Literature. Berkeley and Los Angeles. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520317918 . Pollard, E. B. (1898). The Prophet as Poet.” In: The Biblical World 12:5 p.: 327-332.
  • Rooke, T. (2006). Feathers from heaven: or what the paprika plant said to the hero. Middle Eastern Literatures 9, (2), p.:179-188. DOI: 10.1080/14752620600814434 .
  • Saleh, W. A. (2021). Death and Dying in the Qur’an,” in Troubling Topics, Sacred Texts: Readings in Hebrew Bible, New Testament, and Qur’an, ed. by Roberta Sterman Sabbath. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter p.: 345-355. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110650617-020.
  • Snir, R. (1995). Mysticism and Poetry in Arabic Literature. Orientalia Suecana XLIII p.: 165-175.
  • Snir, R. (1995). Neo-Sufism in Modern Arabic Poetry. Sufi (27). p.: 23-27.
  • Snir, R. (2013). I saw my God in the eye of my heart: Mysticism, Poetry and the Creative Process in Modern Secular Arabic Literary Culture. Branches of the Goodly Tree: Studies in Honor of George Kanazi, edited by Ali Ahmad Hussein. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrasowitz Verlag, p.:194-229.
  • Snir, R. (2015). Who Needs Arab-Jewish Identity? Interpellation, Exclusion, and Inessential Solidarities. Brill’s Series in Jewish Studies, ed. David S. Katz, vol. 53. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Tanrıkulu, V., & Babayiğit, M. V. (2021a). Common Mythological Legendary and Religious Heroes in the Divans of Serda and Hesbi. Kadim Hikmet Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(5), 22–34.
  • Tanrıkulu, V., & Babayiğit, M.V., (2021b). The Elements of Classical Roman in Jana Gel, Kurdiname, 5, p.48-57. Van Bruinessen, M. (2022). Foreword: the various manifestations of the Kurdish tribe.” English original of a text published as: ‘Önsöz: Kürt Aşiretlerinin Muhtelif Tezahürleri’. Tuncay Şur & Yalçın Çakmak, eds, Aktör, Müttefik, Şaki: Kürt Aşiretleri. Istanbul: İletişim.
  • Van Bruinessen, M. (2022). Prologue. Coming to Terms with Ethnic and Religious Difference in Modern Turkey. DOI 10.48200/9789939672632_21.
  • Versteegh, C.H.M. (1993). Arabic Grammar and Qur’anic Exegesis in Early Islam. Leiden, New York: Kӧln: E.J. Brill.
  • Zach, N. (1976). Imagism and Vorticism.” Modernism 1890-1930. Pelican Books: Pelican Guides to European Literature, eds. Bradbury, Malcolm and James McFarlane, p.: 228-242.
  • Zajonc, A. (1993). Catching the Light: The Entwined History of Light and Mind. Oxford University Press. https://archive.org/details/catchinglightent0000zajo
  • Miscellaneous Resources
  • Almaany English Arabic Dictionary: https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/ Lexilogos Arabic Transcription. https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/arabic_latin.htm .
  • Literary Terms and Devices. http://eienglish.org/literms.html .
  • The Noble Qur’an. Online Arabic text /القرآن الكريم/النص المشكول - ويكي مصدر wikisource.org
  • The Noble Qur’ān, revised edition July 2011: Darussalam.

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 18 - 36, 25.01.2023

Aviva BUTT

https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1217182

Abstract

Keywords

Salim Barakat’s First Novel: Sages of Darkness, Salim Barakat, Sages of Darkness, Kurdish novel, Ppsychological Realism, Philosophical Novel, Salim Barakat, poet and novelist, Sages of Darkness, Kurdish novel, psychological realism, Kurdish Sufism, Islamic Kabbalah

References

  • Adonis, (1985). An Introduction to Arab Poetics Translated by Catherine Cobham from the Arabic original. London: Saqi Books.
  • Adonis, (2005). Sufism and Surrealism Translated by Judith Cumberbatch from the original Arabic. London: Saqi Books.
  • Agha S. A. (2015). A Glimpse into the Relationship of Shi’ism and Sufism; With a special Emphasis on the Works of Mawlana Rumi. https://ahlulbaytblog.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/haydar-e-karrar.png .
  • Abdulkarim C. & Saeed I. (2019). The Burden of Colonialism and Alienation in the Modern Kurdish Novel. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 5 (2), 373 – 392. DOI: https//doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.530519
  • Ahmadzadeh, H. (2007). In Search of a Kurdish Novel that Tells us Who the Kurds Are. In: Iranian Studies: Taylor and Francis. www.jstor.org/stable/25597416.
  • Ahmadzadeh, H. (2011). Magic Realism in the Novels of a Kurdish Writer, Bakhtiyar Ali. Middle Eastern Literatures: incorporating Edebiyat, 14:3: 287-299. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475262x.2011.616713 .
  • Ateş B. S. (2022). Metinan Aşireti: Anlatıdan Tarihi Belgelere Bir Aşiretin İzini Sürmek (Metinan Tribe: Tracing a Tribe from Narrative to Historical Documents). İletişim, Istanbul
  • Auerbach, E. (2003). Mimesis: Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Translated by William R. Trask. Princeton University Press.
  • Babayiğit, M. V. (2020). Expressions of Determination, Success, Diligence, Stability and Laziness in Kurdish, Turkish and English Proverbs. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 6 (2), 244 – 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks. 760441.
  • Babayiğit, M. V. (2021). Semantic and Modal Analysis of Some Verbs in Kurdish, Turkish and English. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 7 (1), 123-139, https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks. 850817.
  • Barakāt, S. (1994). Sages of Darkness. Translated by Matti Peled from the Arabic with Afterword: (Bison Press, Nicosia Cyprus, 1985): Am Oved Publishers, Tel Aviv.
  • Barakāt, S. (1994). Fuqahā’ al-Ẓalām [Sages of Darkness]. Baghdad: Al-Mada Publishing House (1st edition).
  • Barakāt, S. (2007). al-Aʽmāl al-Shi‘riyyah—Salīm Barakāt. Beirut: al-Mu’assash al-‘Arabiyya lil-Dirāsāt wa-l-Nashr [The Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing]. https://www.noor-book.com/en/ebook
  • Bar-Asher, A. (2020). The Ontology, Arrangement, and Appearance of Paradise in Castilian Kabbalah in Light of Contemporary Islamic Traditions from al-Andalus, Religions, 11, 553. DOI:10.3390/rel11110553.
  • Blanchot, M. (1982). The Space of Literature. Translated from the French original with Introduction by Ann Smock. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Bocheńska, J. (2021). An Intellectual on a Mission: Abdullah Jalal Fatah, his dissertation on Kurdish culture 1978, and heritage making, inspired by Józef Chałasiński and Polish academia. Kurdish Studies 9 (2), p.:155-173. https://doi.org/10.33182/ks.v9i2.577.
  • Bocheńska, J. (2022). Dengbêj to Modern Writer: Heritagization of the Kurdish Oral Tradition and Revitalization of the Kurdish Language in the Works of Mehmed Uzun and Mehmet Dicle. Iranian Studies, p: 1-29. DOI:10.1017/irn.2022.1.
  • Butt, A. (2013). Poets From a War Torn World. Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co., U.S.A.
  • Butt, A. (2013). On Screenwriting and Love and Politics: The Screenplay “Blue Mist. Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co., U.S.A.
  • Butt, A. (2018). The Unimaginative Symbols of Salim Barakat. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 4 (2), 294–308. doi:10.21600/ijoks.454197
  • Butt, A. (2019). Salim Barakat as Arbiter Between Good and Evil: According to His Long Poem al-Mu‘jam (The Obscure). ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences of April 26-28, Antalya Turkey, p. 32-36.
  • Butt, A. (2020). “Salīm Barakāt as Arbiter between Good and Evil: According to His Long Poem al-Mu‘jam (The Obscure).” International Journal of Kurdish Studies 6 (1), p. 52-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.641719
  • Butt, A. (2021). Salim Barakat, Mahmud Darwish, and the Kurdish and Palestinian Similitude: Qamishli Extended. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. UK. pp. 270
  • Butt, A. (2022). Salim Barakat’s novel, Sages of Darkness: ―Who is Benav’s son Bekas?‖. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 (1), 82-98, DOI:https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1028134
  • Butt, A. (2022). Salim Barakat‘s Genuine Novelistic Techniques: Sages of Darkness. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 (2), 227-237, DOI:https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1111618
  • Butt, A. (2022). A Reading from Salim Barakat’s First Novel Sages of Darkness. ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences May 7-8, Kyrenia TRNC, p.: 2-8.
  • Chittick, W. C. (2019). Rūmī on Traveling the Path of the Prophet. http://www.williamcchittick.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Rumi-on-Traveling-the-Path-of-the-Prophet.pdf .
  • Dag, R. (2014). Ottoman Reforms and Kurdish Reactions in the 19th Century.” Jimar 2:1, p.: 47-74. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/416627.
  • Eppel, M. (2016). A People without a State: The Kurds From the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism. Austin: University of Texas Press. DOI: 10.7560/309117.
  • Field, S. (1994). Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting (1979). Third Edition (Revised and updated). New York, New York: Dell Publishing Paperback.
  • Gasimova, A. (2014). Models, Portraits, and Signs of Fate in Ancient Arabian Tradition. Journal of Near Eastern Studies vol. 73 (2), p.: 319-340. Published online by The University of Chicago Press: www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/677285.
  • Gasimova, Aida. (2014). Qur’anic Symbolism of the Eyes in Classical Azeri Turkic Poetry. Oriens 43. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04301005.
  • Gasimova, A. (2018).Types and Images of Beauty in the Classical Azerbaijani Poetry. Risalә Araşdırmalar toplusu 14. Baku: “Elm vә tahsil,” pp. 24-28.
  • Gasimova, A. (2019). The fire borrowed from magus”: Sacred and profane fire traditions in pre- Islamic Arabia. ANES 56: p.: 329-345. DOI: 10.2143/ANES.56.0.3286822.
  • Henry, J.(1997). The Scientific Revolution and the Origins of Modern Science. Chapter 5 (The Mechanical Philosophy), London: Red Globe Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25512-2.
  • Kappagoda, A. K. (2004). Semiosis as the Sixth Sense: Theorising the Unperceived in Ancient Greek. Dissertation in Discourse Analysis, Dept of Linguistics, MacQuarie University, Australia.
  • Karacan, H., & Babayiğit, M. V. (2017). Türk ve Kürt Dillerinin Sentaks (Sözdizimsel) Karşılaştırması. Tiydem Yayıncılık, Editör: Hasan KARACAN, Basım sayısı, 3, 7-31.
  • Karacan, H., & Butt, A. (2021). The Antiquity of Kurmanji Kurdish and the Biblical Book of Nahum. Prizren Social Science Journal, 5(1), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v5i1.206
  • Karacan, H., Butt, A. (2021). On the Use of Poetry in Oral and Written Literature: The Voice of the Obscure. ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences of September 18-19, Kyrenia TRNC, p.: 128-136.
  • Klagisz, M. M. (2014). Oral Character of Middle Persian Literature—New Perspective. Rocznik Orientalistyczny (Yearbook of Oriental Studies) T. LXVII. Z.1. p.:151-168. Journals.pan.pl/TO/95340.
  • Kliger, I. (2010). Shapes of History and the Enigmatic Hero in Dostoevsky: The Case of Crime and Punishment.” Comparative Literature 62:3 University of Oregon. DOI: 10.1215/00104124-2010-012. www.jstor.org/stable/40962856.
  • Meyerhoff, H. (1960). Time in Literature. Berkeley and Los Angeles. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520317918 . Pollard, E. B. (1898). The Prophet as Poet.” In: The Biblical World 12:5 p.: 327-332.
  • Rooke, T. (2006). Feathers from heaven: or what the paprika plant said to the hero. Middle Eastern Literatures 9, (2), p.:179-188. DOI: 10.1080/14752620600814434 .
  • Saleh, W. A. (2021). Death and Dying in the Qur’an,” in Troubling Topics, Sacred Texts: Readings in Hebrew Bible, New Testament, and Qur’an, ed. by Roberta Sterman Sabbath. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter p.: 345-355. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110650617-020.
  • Snir, R. (1995). Mysticism and Poetry in Arabic Literature. Orientalia Suecana XLIII p.: 165-175.
  • Snir, R. (1995). Neo-Sufism in Modern Arabic Poetry. Sufi (27). p.: 23-27.
  • Snir, R. (2013). I saw my God in the eye of my heart: Mysticism, Poetry and the Creative Process in Modern Secular Arabic Literary Culture. Branches of the Goodly Tree: Studies in Honor of George Kanazi, edited by Ali Ahmad Hussein. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrasowitz Verlag, p.:194-229.
  • Snir, R. (2015). Who Needs Arab-Jewish Identity? Interpellation, Exclusion, and Inessential Solidarities. Brill’s Series in Jewish Studies, ed. David S. Katz, vol. 53. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Tanrıkulu, V., & Babayiğit, M. V. (2021a). Common Mythological Legendary and Religious Heroes in the Divans of Serda and Hesbi. Kadim Hikmet Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(5), 22–34.
  • Tanrıkulu, V., & Babayiğit, M.V., (2021b). The Elements of Classical Roman in Jana Gel, Kurdiname, 5, p.48-57. Van Bruinessen, M. (2022). Foreword: the various manifestations of the Kurdish tribe.” English original of a text published as: ‘Önsöz: Kürt Aşiretlerinin Muhtelif Tezahürleri’. Tuncay Şur & Yalçın Çakmak, eds, Aktör, Müttefik, Şaki: Kürt Aşiretleri. Istanbul: İletişim.
  • Van Bruinessen, M. (2022). Prologue. Coming to Terms with Ethnic and Religious Difference in Modern Turkey. DOI 10.48200/9789939672632_21.
  • Versteegh, C.H.M. (1993). Arabic Grammar and Qur’anic Exegesis in Early Islam. Leiden, New York: Kӧln: E.J. Brill.
  • Zach, N. (1976). Imagism and Vorticism.” Modernism 1890-1930. Pelican Books: Pelican Guides to European Literature, eds. Bradbury, Malcolm and James McFarlane, p.: 228-242.
  • Zajonc, A. (1993). Catching the Light: The Entwined History of Light and Mind. Oxford University Press. https://archive.org/details/catchinglightent0000zajo
  • Miscellaneous Resources
  • Almaany English Arabic Dictionary: https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/ Lexilogos Arabic Transcription. https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/arabic_latin.htm .
  • Literary Terms and Devices. http://eienglish.org/literms.html .
  • The Noble Qur’an. Online Arabic text /القرآن الكريم/النص المشكول - ويكي مصدر wikisource.org
  • The Noble Qur’ān, revised edition July 2011: Darussalam.

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 18 - 36, 25.01.2023

Aviva BUTT

https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1217182

Abstract

Keywords

Salim Barakat’s First Novel: Sages of Darkness, Salim Barakat, Sages of Darkness, Kurdish novel, Ppsychological Realism, Philosophical Novel, Salim Barakat, poet and novelist, Sages of Darkness, Kurdish novel, psychological realism, Kurdish Sufism, Islamic Kabbalah

References

  • Adonis, (1985). An Introduction to Arab Poetics Translated by Catherine Cobham from the Arabic original. London: Saqi Books.
  • Adonis, (2005). Sufism and Surrealism Translated by Judith Cumberbatch from the original Arabic. London: Saqi Books.
  • Agha S. A. (2015). A Glimpse into the Relationship of Shi’ism and Sufism; With a special Emphasis on the Works of Mawlana Rumi. https://ahlulbaytblog.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/haydar-e-karrar.png .
  • Abdulkarim C. & Saeed I. (2019). The Burden of Colonialism and Alienation in the Modern Kurdish Novel. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 5 (2), 373 – 392. DOI: https//doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.530519
  • Ahmadzadeh, H. (2007). In Search of a Kurdish Novel that Tells us Who the Kurds Are. In: Iranian Studies: Taylor and Francis. www.jstor.org/stable/25597416.
  • Ahmadzadeh, H. (2011). Magic Realism in the Novels of a Kurdish Writer, Bakhtiyar Ali. Middle Eastern Literatures: incorporating Edebiyat, 14:3: 287-299. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475262x.2011.616713 .
  • Ateş B. S. (2022). Metinan Aşireti: Anlatıdan Tarihi Belgelere Bir Aşiretin İzini Sürmek (Metinan Tribe: Tracing a Tribe from Narrative to Historical Documents). İletişim, Istanbul
  • Auerbach, E. (2003). Mimesis: Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Translated by William R. Trask. Princeton University Press.
  • Babayiğit, M. V. (2020). Expressions of Determination, Success, Diligence, Stability and Laziness in Kurdish, Turkish and English Proverbs. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 6 (2), 244 – 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks. 760441.
  • Babayiğit, M. V. (2021). Semantic and Modal Analysis of Some Verbs in Kurdish, Turkish and English. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 7 (1), 123-139, https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks. 850817.
  • Barakāt, S. (1994). Sages of Darkness. Translated by Matti Peled from the Arabic with Afterword: (Bison Press, Nicosia Cyprus, 1985): Am Oved Publishers, Tel Aviv.
  • Barakāt, S. (1994). Fuqahā’ al-Ẓalām [Sages of Darkness]. Baghdad: Al-Mada Publishing House (1st edition).
  • Barakāt, S. (2007). al-Aʽmāl al-Shi‘riyyah—Salīm Barakāt. Beirut: al-Mu’assash al-‘Arabiyya lil-Dirāsāt wa-l-Nashr [The Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing]. https://www.noor-book.com/en/ebook
  • Bar-Asher, A. (2020). The Ontology, Arrangement, and Appearance of Paradise in Castilian Kabbalah in Light of Contemporary Islamic Traditions from al-Andalus, Religions, 11, 553. DOI:10.3390/rel11110553.
  • Blanchot, M. (1982). The Space of Literature. Translated from the French original with Introduction by Ann Smock. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Bocheńska, J. (2021). An Intellectual on a Mission: Abdullah Jalal Fatah, his dissertation on Kurdish culture 1978, and heritage making, inspired by Józef Chałasiński and Polish academia. Kurdish Studies 9 (2), p.:155-173. https://doi.org/10.33182/ks.v9i2.577.
  • Bocheńska, J. (2022). Dengbêj to Modern Writer: Heritagization of the Kurdish Oral Tradition and Revitalization of the Kurdish Language in the Works of Mehmed Uzun and Mehmet Dicle. Iranian Studies, p: 1-29. DOI:10.1017/irn.2022.1.
  • Butt, A. (2013). Poets From a War Torn World. Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co., U.S.A.
  • Butt, A. (2013). On Screenwriting and Love and Politics: The Screenplay “Blue Mist. Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co., U.S.A.
  • Butt, A. (2018). The Unimaginative Symbols of Salim Barakat. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 4 (2), 294–308. doi:10.21600/ijoks.454197
  • Butt, A. (2019). Salim Barakat as Arbiter Between Good and Evil: According to His Long Poem al-Mu‘jam (The Obscure). ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences of April 26-28, Antalya Turkey, p. 32-36.
  • Butt, A. (2020). “Salīm Barakāt as Arbiter between Good and Evil: According to His Long Poem al-Mu‘jam (The Obscure).” International Journal of Kurdish Studies 6 (1), p. 52-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.641719
  • Butt, A. (2021). Salim Barakat, Mahmud Darwish, and the Kurdish and Palestinian Similitude: Qamishli Extended. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. UK. pp. 270
  • Butt, A. (2022). Salim Barakat’s novel, Sages of Darkness: ―Who is Benav’s son Bekas?‖. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 (1), 82-98, DOI:https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1028134
  • Butt, A. (2022). Salim Barakat‘s Genuine Novelistic Techniques: Sages of Darkness. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 (2), 227-237, DOI:https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1111618
  • Butt, A. (2022). A Reading from Salim Barakat’s First Novel Sages of Darkness. ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences May 7-8, Kyrenia TRNC, p.: 2-8.
  • Chittick, W. C. (2019). Rūmī on Traveling the Path of the Prophet. http://www.williamcchittick.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Rumi-on-Traveling-the-Path-of-the-Prophet.pdf .
  • Dag, R. (2014). Ottoman Reforms and Kurdish Reactions in the 19th Century.” Jimar 2:1, p.: 47-74. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/416627.
  • Eppel, M. (2016). A People without a State: The Kurds From the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism. Austin: University of Texas Press. DOI: 10.7560/309117.
  • Field, S. (1994). Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting (1979). Third Edition (Revised and updated). New York, New York: Dell Publishing Paperback.
  • Gasimova, A. (2014). Models, Portraits, and Signs of Fate in Ancient Arabian Tradition. Journal of Near Eastern Studies vol. 73 (2), p.: 319-340. Published online by The University of Chicago Press: www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/677285.
  • Gasimova, Aida. (2014). Qur’anic Symbolism of the Eyes in Classical Azeri Turkic Poetry. Oriens 43. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04301005.
  • Gasimova, A. (2018).Types and Images of Beauty in the Classical Azerbaijani Poetry. Risalә Araşdırmalar toplusu 14. Baku: “Elm vә tahsil,” pp. 24-28.
  • Gasimova, A. (2019). The fire borrowed from magus”: Sacred and profane fire traditions in pre- Islamic Arabia. ANES 56: p.: 329-345. DOI: 10.2143/ANES.56.0.3286822.
  • Henry, J.(1997). The Scientific Revolution and the Origins of Modern Science. Chapter 5 (The Mechanical Philosophy), London: Red Globe Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25512-2.
  • Kappagoda, A. K. (2004). Semiosis as the Sixth Sense: Theorising the Unperceived in Ancient Greek. Dissertation in Discourse Analysis, Dept of Linguistics, MacQuarie University, Australia.
  • Karacan, H., & Babayiğit, M. V. (2017). Türk ve Kürt Dillerinin Sentaks (Sözdizimsel) Karşılaştırması. Tiydem Yayıncılık, Editör: Hasan KARACAN, Basım sayısı, 3, 7-31.
  • Karacan, H., & Butt, A. (2021). The Antiquity of Kurmanji Kurdish and the Biblical Book of Nahum. Prizren Social Science Journal, 5(1), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v5i1.206
  • Karacan, H., Butt, A. (2021). On the Use of Poetry in Oral and Written Literature: The Voice of the Obscure. ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences of September 18-19, Kyrenia TRNC, p.: 128-136.
  • Klagisz, M. M. (2014). Oral Character of Middle Persian Literature—New Perspective. Rocznik Orientalistyczny (Yearbook of Oriental Studies) T. LXVII. Z.1. p.:151-168. Journals.pan.pl/TO/95340.
  • Kliger, I. (2010). Shapes of History and the Enigmatic Hero in Dostoevsky: The Case of Crime and Punishment.” Comparative Literature 62:3 University of Oregon. DOI: 10.1215/00104124-2010-012. www.jstor.org/stable/40962856.
  • Meyerhoff, H. (1960). Time in Literature. Berkeley and Los Angeles. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520317918 . Pollard, E. B. (1898). The Prophet as Poet.” In: The Biblical World 12:5 p.: 327-332.
  • Rooke, T. (2006). Feathers from heaven: or what the paprika plant said to the hero. Middle Eastern Literatures 9, (2), p.:179-188. DOI: 10.1080/14752620600814434 .
  • Saleh, W. A. (2021). Death and Dying in the Qur’an,” in Troubling Topics, Sacred Texts: Readings in Hebrew Bible, New Testament, and Qur’an, ed. by Roberta Sterman Sabbath. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter p.: 345-355. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110650617-020.
  • Snir, R. (1995). Mysticism and Poetry in Arabic Literature. Orientalia Suecana XLIII p.: 165-175.
  • Snir, R. (1995). Neo-Sufism in Modern Arabic Poetry. Sufi (27). p.: 23-27.
  • Snir, R. (2013). I saw my God in the eye of my heart: Mysticism, Poetry and the Creative Process in Modern Secular Arabic Literary Culture. Branches of the Goodly Tree: Studies in Honor of George Kanazi, edited by Ali Ahmad Hussein. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrasowitz Verlag, p.:194-229.
  • Snir, R. (2015). Who Needs Arab-Jewish Identity? Interpellation, Exclusion, and Inessential Solidarities. Brill’s Series in Jewish Studies, ed. David S. Katz, vol. 53. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Tanrıkulu, V., & Babayiğit, M. V. (2021a). Common Mythological Legendary and Religious Heroes in the Divans of Serda and Hesbi. Kadim Hikmet Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(5), 22–34.
  • Tanrıkulu, V., & Babayiğit, M.V., (2021b). The Elements of Classical Roman in Jana Gel, Kurdiname, 5, p.48-57. Van Bruinessen, M. (2022). Foreword: the various manifestations of the Kurdish tribe.” English original of a text published as: ‘Önsöz: Kürt Aşiretlerinin Muhtelif Tezahürleri’. Tuncay Şur & Yalçın Çakmak, eds, Aktör, Müttefik, Şaki: Kürt Aşiretleri. Istanbul: İletişim.
  • Van Bruinessen, M. (2022). Prologue. Coming to Terms with Ethnic and Religious Difference in Modern Turkey. DOI 10.48200/9789939672632_21.
  • Versteegh, C.H.M. (1993). Arabic Grammar and Qur’anic Exegesis in Early Islam. Leiden, New York: Kӧln: E.J. Brill.
  • Zach, N. (1976). Imagism and Vorticism.” Modernism 1890-1930. Pelican Books: Pelican Guides to European Literature, eds. Bradbury, Malcolm and James McFarlane, p.: 228-242.
  • Zajonc, A. (1993). Catching the Light: The Entwined History of Light and Mind. Oxford University Press. https://archive.org/details/catchinglightent0000zajo
  • Miscellaneous Resources
  • Almaany English Arabic Dictionary: https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/ Lexilogos Arabic Transcription. https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/arabic_latin.htm .
  • Literary Terms and Devices. http://eienglish.org/literms.html .
  • The Noble Qur’an. Online Arabic text /القرآن الكريم/النص المشكول - ويكي مصدر wikisource.org
  • The Noble Qur’ān, revised edition July 2011: Darussalam.

Salim Barakat’s First Novel: Sages of Darkness

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 18 - 36, 25.01.2023

Aviva BUTT

https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1217182

Abstract

Aviva Butt has just finished translating in collaboration with the author, Salim Barakat’s first novel Fuqahā’ al-Ẓalām (Sages of Darkness) written in 1985. The translation was done from a later original Arabic manuscript roughly the same as the 1994 Baghdadi edition. Sages of Darkness is a Kurdish Sufi novel depicting Kurdish life in late Ottoman times. It is, in fact, a philosophical novel with a strong dose of psychological realism, written in a style derived from Classical Modernism. And so, it is mainstream literature, an achievement in view of the late start in novel-writing by the Kurdish far-flung writers’ community. The action line, full of suspense, violence, and murder, is greatly about the tribal notable “Avdei Sarei,” who does everything he can to ensure the survival of his business and the economic health of his endeavors. In this article, the translator of Sages of Darkness analyzes Barakat’s novelistic techniques for the purpose of prompting a better understanding of the novel, and by-the-by, if possible, to solve the enigma of the meaning of the title.

Keywords

Salim Barakat, Sages of Darkness, Ppsychological Realism, Salim Barakat, poet and novelist, Sages of Darkness, Kurdish Sufism, Islamic Kabbalah, Kurdish novel,

References

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  • Ahmadzadeh, H. (2011). Magic Realism in the Novels of a Kurdish Writer, Bakhtiyar Ali. Middle Eastern Literatures: incorporating Edebiyat, 14:3: 287-299. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475262x.2011.616713 .
  • Ateş B. S. (2022). Metinan Aşireti: Anlatıdan Tarihi Belgelere Bir Aşiretin İzini Sürmek (Metinan Tribe: Tracing a Tribe from Narrative to Historical Documents). İletişim, Istanbul
  • Auerbach, E. (2003). Mimesis: Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Translated by William R. Trask. Princeton University Press.
  • Babayiğit, M. V. (2020). Expressions of Determination, Success, Diligence, Stability and Laziness in Kurdish, Turkish and English Proverbs. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 6 (2), 244 – 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks. 760441.
  • Babayiğit, M. V. (2021). Semantic and Modal Analysis of Some Verbs in Kurdish, Turkish and English. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 7 (1), 123-139, https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks. 850817.
  • Barakāt, S. (1994). Sages of Darkness. Translated by Matti Peled from the Arabic with Afterword: (Bison Press, Nicosia Cyprus, 1985): Am Oved Publishers, Tel Aviv.
  • Barakāt, S. (1994). Fuqahā’ al-Ẓalām [Sages of Darkness]. Baghdad: Al-Mada Publishing House (1st edition).
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  • Bar-Asher, A. (2020). The Ontology, Arrangement, and Appearance of Paradise in Castilian Kabbalah in Light of Contemporary Islamic Traditions from al-Andalus, Religions, 11, 553. DOI:10.3390/rel11110553.
  • Blanchot, M. (1982). The Space of Literature. Translated from the French original with Introduction by Ann Smock. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Bocheńska, J. (2021). An Intellectual on a Mission: Abdullah Jalal Fatah, his dissertation on Kurdish culture 1978, and heritage making, inspired by Józef Chałasiński and Polish academia. Kurdish Studies 9 (2), p.:155-173. https://doi.org/10.33182/ks.v9i2.577.
  • Bocheńska, J. (2022). Dengbêj to Modern Writer: Heritagization of the Kurdish Oral Tradition and Revitalization of the Kurdish Language in the Works of Mehmed Uzun and Mehmet Dicle. Iranian Studies, p: 1-29. DOI:10.1017/irn.2022.1.
  • Butt, A. (2013). Poets From a War Torn World. Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co., U.S.A.
  • Butt, A. (2013). On Screenwriting and Love and Politics: The Screenplay “Blue Mist. Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co., U.S.A.
  • Butt, A. (2018). The Unimaginative Symbols of Salim Barakat. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 4 (2), 294–308. doi:10.21600/ijoks.454197
  • Butt, A. (2019). Salim Barakat as Arbiter Between Good and Evil: According to His Long Poem al-Mu‘jam (The Obscure). ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences of April 26-28, Antalya Turkey, p. 32-36.
  • Butt, A. (2020). “Salīm Barakāt as Arbiter between Good and Evil: According to His Long Poem al-Mu‘jam (The Obscure).” International Journal of Kurdish Studies 6 (1), p. 52-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.641719
  • Butt, A. (2021). Salim Barakat, Mahmud Darwish, and the Kurdish and Palestinian Similitude: Qamishli Extended. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. UK. pp. 270
  • Butt, A. (2022). Salim Barakat’s novel, Sages of Darkness: ―Who is Benav’s son Bekas?‖. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 (1), 82-98, DOI:https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1028134
  • Butt, A. (2022). Salim Barakat‘s Genuine Novelistic Techniques: Sages of Darkness. International Journal of Kurdish Studies 8 (2), 227-237, DOI:https://doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1111618
  • Butt, A. (2022). A Reading from Salim Barakat’s First Novel Sages of Darkness. ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences May 7-8, Kyrenia TRNC, p.: 2-8.
  • Chittick, W. C. (2019). Rūmī on Traveling the Path of the Prophet. http://www.williamcchittick.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Rumi-on-Traveling-the-Path-of-the-Prophet.pdf .
  • Dag, R. (2014). Ottoman Reforms and Kurdish Reactions in the 19th Century.” Jimar 2:1, p.: 47-74. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/416627.
  • Eppel, M. (2016). A People without a State: The Kurds From the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism. Austin: University of Texas Press. DOI: 10.7560/309117.
  • Field, S. (1994). Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting (1979). Third Edition (Revised and updated). New York, New York: Dell Publishing Paperback.
  • Gasimova, A. (2014). Models, Portraits, and Signs of Fate in Ancient Arabian Tradition. Journal of Near Eastern Studies vol. 73 (2), p.: 319-340. Published online by The University of Chicago Press: www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/677285.
  • Gasimova, Aida. (2014). Qur’anic Symbolism of the Eyes in Classical Azeri Turkic Poetry. Oriens 43. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04301005.
  • Gasimova, A. (2018).Types and Images of Beauty in the Classical Azerbaijani Poetry. Risalә Araşdırmalar toplusu 14. Baku: “Elm vә tahsil,” pp. 24-28.
  • Gasimova, A. (2019). The fire borrowed from magus”: Sacred and profane fire traditions in pre- Islamic Arabia. ANES 56: p.: 329-345. DOI: 10.2143/ANES.56.0.3286822.
  • Henry, J.(1997). The Scientific Revolution and the Origins of Modern Science. Chapter 5 (The Mechanical Philosophy), London: Red Globe Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25512-2.
  • Kappagoda, A. K. (2004). Semiosis as the Sixth Sense: Theorising the Unperceived in Ancient Greek. Dissertation in Discourse Analysis, Dept of Linguistics, MacQuarie University, Australia.
  • Karacan, H., & Babayiğit, M. V. (2017). Türk ve Kürt Dillerinin Sentaks (Sözdizimsel) Karşılaştırması. Tiydem Yayıncılık, Editör: Hasan KARACAN, Basım sayısı, 3, 7-31.
  • Karacan, H., & Butt, A. (2021). The Antiquity of Kurmanji Kurdish and the Biblical Book of Nahum. Prizren Social Science Journal, 5(1), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v5i1.206
  • Karacan, H., Butt, A. (2021). On the Use of Poetry in Oral and Written Literature: The Voice of the Obscure. ECLSS Proceedings Book, Eurasian Conference on Language and Social Sciences of September 18-19, Kyrenia TRNC, p.: 128-136.
  • Klagisz, M. M. (2014). Oral Character of Middle Persian Literature—New Perspective. Rocznik Orientalistyczny (Yearbook of Oriental Studies) T. LXVII. Z.1. p.:151-168. Journals.pan.pl/TO/95340.
  • Kliger, I. (2010). Shapes of History and the Enigmatic Hero in Dostoevsky: The Case of Crime and Punishment.” Comparative Literature 62:3 University of Oregon. DOI: 10.1215/00104124-2010-012. www.jstor.org/stable/40962856.
  • Meyerhoff, H. (1960). Time in Literature. Berkeley and Los Angeles. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520317918 . Pollard, E. B. (1898). The Prophet as Poet.” In: The Biblical World 12:5 p.: 327-332.
  • Rooke, T. (2006). Feathers from heaven: or what the paprika plant said to the hero. Middle Eastern Literatures 9, (2), p.:179-188. DOI: 10.1080/14752620600814434 .
  • Saleh, W. A. (2021). Death and Dying in the Qur’an,” in Troubling Topics, Sacred Texts: Readings in Hebrew Bible, New Testament, and Qur’an, ed. by Roberta Sterman Sabbath. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter p.: 345-355. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110650617-020.
  • Snir, R. (1995). Mysticism and Poetry in Arabic Literature. Orientalia Suecana XLIII p.: 165-175.
  • Snir, R. (1995). Neo-Sufism in Modern Arabic Poetry. Sufi (27). p.: 23-27.
  • Snir, R. (2013). I saw my God in the eye of my heart: Mysticism, Poetry and the Creative Process in Modern Secular Arabic Literary Culture. Branches of the Goodly Tree: Studies in Honor of George Kanazi, edited by Ali Ahmad Hussein. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrasowitz Verlag, p.:194-229.
  • Snir, R. (2015). Who Needs Arab-Jewish Identity? Interpellation, Exclusion, and Inessential Solidarities. Brill’s Series in Jewish Studies, ed. David S. Katz, vol. 53. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
  • Tanrıkulu, V., & Babayiğit, M. V. (2021a). Common Mythological Legendary and Religious Heroes in the Divans of Serda and Hesbi. Kadim Hikmet Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(5), 22–34.
  • Tanrıkulu, V., & Babayiğit, M.V., (2021b). The Elements of Classical Roman in Jana Gel, Kurdiname, 5, p.48-57. Van Bruinessen, M. (2022). Foreword: the various manifestations of the Kurdish tribe.” English original of a text published as: ‘Önsöz: Kürt Aşiretlerinin Muhtelif Tezahürleri’. Tuncay Şur & Yalçın Çakmak, eds, Aktör, Müttefik, Şaki: Kürt Aşiretleri. Istanbul: İletişim.
  • Van Bruinessen, M. (2022). Prologue. Coming to Terms with Ethnic and Religious Difference in Modern Turkey. DOI 10.48200/9789939672632_21.
  • Versteegh, C.H.M. (1993). Arabic Grammar and Qur’anic Exegesis in Early Islam. Leiden, New York: Kӧln: E.J. Brill.
  • Zach, N. (1976). Imagism and Vorticism.” Modernism 1890-1930. Pelican Books: Pelican Guides to European Literature, eds. Bradbury, Malcolm and James McFarlane, p.: 228-242.
  • Zajonc, A. (1993). Catching the Light: The Entwined History of Light and Mind. Oxford University Press. https://archive.org/details/catchinglightent0000zajo
  • Miscellaneous Resources
  • Almaany English Arabic Dictionary: https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/ Lexilogos Arabic Transcription. https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/arabic_latin.htm .
  • Literary Terms and Devices. http://eienglish.org/literms.html .
  • The Noble Qur’an. Online Arabic text /القرآن الكريم/النص المشكول - ويكي مصدر wikisource.org
  • The Noble Qur’ān, revised edition July 2011: Darussalam.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Aviva BUTT
Sydney University
0000-0003-4710-4475
Australia

Publication Date January 25, 2023
Submission Date December 10, 2022
Acceptance Date January 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Butt, A. (2023). Salim Barakat’s First Novel: Sages of Darkness . International Journal of Kurdish Studies , 9 (1) , 18-36 . DOI: 10.21600/ijoks.1217182
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