Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

İLK VE İKİNCİ EL KONUT TALEBİNDE YAKINSAMA HIPOTEZİNİN ANALİZİ: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2024, Issue: 60, 153 - 171, 17.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1370918

Abstract

Türkiye’nin 26 alt bölgesinin ilk ve ikinci el konut talebi yakınsama hipotezi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, 2013 Ocak-2023 Mart
dönemine ait aylık zaman serileri kullanılmıştır. Bölgeler arası konut talebi yakınsama hipotezi koşullu ve koşulsuz tahmin
edilmiştir. Analizlerde dinamik panel sistem GMM yaklaşımından yararlanılmıştır. İlk el konut talebine ait koşulsuz yakınsama
modeli analizi sonucunda; ilk el konut satışına ait gecikmeli değerlerin konut talebini pozitif etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Koşulsuz
yakınsama modelinde ise konut fiyatı ile hane geliri değişkeni ilk el konut talebini pozitif etkilerken ikinci el konut satış miktarı
ise ilk el konut talebini negatif etkilemektedir. İkinci el konut satışına ait yakınsama hipotezi bulgularına göre ise koşulsuz
modelde; ikinci el konut satışının gecikmeli değerleri ikinci el konut talebini pozitif etkilemektedir. Koşullu modellerde yer alan
hane geliri değişkeni ikinci el konut talebini pozitif ilk el konut satışı değişkenini ise negatif etkilemektedir. İkinci el konut satışı
yakınsama modelindeki konut fiyatı değişkeni ise istatistiki olarak anlamsızdır.

References

  • Abbott, A. ve De Vita, G. (2012). “Pairwise Convergence of District-Level House Prices in London”, Urban Studies, 49(4), 721-740.
  • Abioğlu, V. (2020). “Türkiye Konut Piyasasinda Balon Oluşumlari: Bölgesel Inceleme”, Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 12(22), 1-14.
  • Afşar, A. ve Doğan, E. (2021). “Bölgesel Fiyat Farklılıkları ve Konut Fiyat Yakınsaması”, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries, 5(8), 122-134.
  • Afşar, A., Yilmazel, Ö. ve Yilmazel, S. (2017). “Konut Fiyatlarini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Hedonik Model ile Belirlenmesi: Eskişehir Örneği”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (37), 195-205.
  • Aktürk, E. ve Tekman, N. (2016). “Konut Talebi ve Erzurum Kent Merkezinde Tüketicilerin Konut Edinme Kararlarini Etkileyen Faktörler”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 30(2), 423-440.
  • Alkan, L. ve Ugurlar, A. (2015). Türkiye’de Konut Sorunu ve Konut Politikalari, Ankara: Kent Araştırmaları Enstitüsü.
  • Alkan, Ö., Karaaslan, A., Abar, H., Celik, A. K. ve Oktay, E. (2014). “Factors Affecting Motives for Housing Demand: the Case of a Turkish Province”, Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 9(3), 70-86.
  • Alp, E. ve Seven, Ü. (2019). “The Dynamics of Household Final Consumption: The Role of Wealth Channel”, Central Bank Review, 19(1), 21-32.
  • Alpanda, S. ve Zubairy, S. (2016). “Housing and Tax Policy”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 48(2-3), 485-512.
  • Amuakwa-Mensah, F., Marbuah, G. ve Ani-Asamoah Marbuah, D. (2017). “Re-Examining the Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Ghana’s Banking Industry: Role of the 2007–2009 Financial Crisis”, Journal of African business, 18(3), 357-379.
  • André, S., Leguerinel, I., Palop, A., Desriac, N., Planchon, S. ve Mafart, P. (2019). “Convergence of Bigelow and Arrhenius Models Over a Wide Range of Heating Temperatures”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 291, 173-180.
  • Angel, S. (2000). Housing Policy Matters: A Global Analysis, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991). “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations”. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995). “Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.
  • Artul, H. ve Ergün, M. (2022). “Yabancıların Konut Edinme Tercihine Etki Eden Temel Kriterlerin Sıralanması; Ordu-Giresun İlleri Örneği”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Mesleki Eğitim ve Uygulama Dergisi, 1(1), 1-10.
  • Baker, D. (2008). “The Housing Bubble and the Financial Crisis”, Real-World Economics Review, 46(20), 73-81.
  • Balcilar, M., Beyene, A., Gupta, R. ve Seleteng, M. (2013). “‘Ripple’effects in South African House Prices”, Urban Studies, 50(5), 876-894.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2008). “Forecasting with Panel Data”, Journal of Forecasting, 27(2), 153-173.
  • Bashar, D. A. (2020). “Artificial Intelligence Based LTE MIMO Antenna for 5th Generation Mobile Networks”, Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Capsule Networks, 2(3), 155-162.
  • Berberoğlu, M. G. Teker, S. (2005). “Konut Finansmanı ve Türkiye'ye Uygun Bir Model Önerisi”, İTÜ Dergisi/b, 2(1), 58-68.
  • Blundell, R. ve Bond, S. (1998). “Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models”, Journal of Econometrics. 87, 115–143.
  • Blundell, R. ve Bond, S. (2000). “GMM Estimation with Persistent Panel Data: An Application to Production Functions”, Econometric Reviews, 19(3), 321-340.
  • Bond, S. R., Hoeffler, A. ve Temple, J. R. (2001). GMM Estimation of Empirical Growth Models, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3048.
  • Bosworth, B. ve Flaaen, A. (2009). America’s Financial Crisis: The End of an Era, Asian Development Bank Institute Working Paper No. 142.
  • Buckley, R. M. (2012). Housing Finance in Developing Countries: A Review of the World Bank's Experience, London: Routledge.
  • Çalmaşur, G. ve Aysin, M. E. (2019). “Konut Fiyatlarina Etki Eden Faktörlerin Hedonik Modelle Belirlenmesi: TRA1 Alt Bölgesi Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (22), 77-92.
  • Canarella, G., Miller, S. ve Pollard, S. (2012). “Unit Roots and Structural Change: An Application to US House Price Indices”. Urban Studies, 49(4), 757-776.
  • Caselli, F., Esquivel, G. ve Lefort, F. (1996). “Reopening the Convergence Debate: A New Look at Cross-Country Growth Empirics”, Journal of Economic Growth, 1(3), 363-389.
  • Çelik, C. ve Kıral, G. (2018). “Kümeleme Yöntemiyle Konut Talebinin Incelenmesi: Türkiye Il Grupları Üzerine Bir Uygulama”. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(1), 123-138.
  • Çetin, A. C. (2021). “Türkiye’de Konut Fiyatlarına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Analizi”, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 1-30.
  • Chiang, S. H. (2014). “Housing Markets in China and Policy Implications: Comovement or Ripple Effect”, China & World Economy, 22(6), 103-120.
  • Chien, M. S., Lee, C. C., Hu, T. C. ve Hu, H. T. (2015). “Dynamic Asian Stock Market Convergence: Evidence from Dynamic Cointegration Analysis Among China and ASEAN-5”. Economic Modelling, 51, 84-98.
  • Clapham, D. (2018). “Housing Theory, Housing Research and Housing Policy”, Housing, Theory and Society, 35(2), 163-177.
  • Clapp, J. M. ve Tirtiroglu, D. (1994). “Positive Feedback Trading and Diffusion of Asset Price Changes: Evidence from Housing Transactions”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 24(3), 337-355.
  • Cole, M. A. ve Neumayer, E. (2003). “The Pitfalls of Convergence Analysis: is the income Gap Really Widening?”, Applied Economics Letters, 10(6), 355-357.
  • Cook, S. (2003). “The Convergence of Regional House Prices in the UK”, Urban studies, 40(11), 2285-2294.
  • Cook, S. (2005). “Detecting Long‐Run Relationships in Regional House Prices in the UK”, International Review of Applied Economics, 19(1), 107-118.
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı (2019). 2020 Yılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Yıllık Programı, Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı.
  • Danes, A. ve Chamba, J. (2022). How Can Data Stop Homelessness Before it Starts?, https://www.ey.com/en_gl/government-public-sector/how-can-data-stop-homelessness-before-it-starts, (07.08.2023).
  • Demir, C. ve Yıldırım, M. O. (2017). “Convergence in House Prices Across OECD Countries: A Panel Data Analysis, Central European Review of Economic Issues”, Ekonomicka Revue, 20, 5–15.
  • Dinh, C. T., Tran, N. H., Nguyen, M. N., Hong, C. S., Bao, W., Zomaya, A. Y. ve Gramoli, V. (2020). “Federated Learning Over Wireless Networks: Convergence Analysis and Resource Allocation”, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 29(1), 398-409.
  • Dokko, J., Doyle, B. M., Kiley, M. T., Kim, J., Sherlund, S., Sim, J. ve Van Den Heuvel, S. (2011). “Monetary Policy and the Global Housing Bubble”, Economic Policy, 26(66), 237-287.
  • Elliott, G., Rothenberg, T. ve Stock, J. H. (1996). “Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root”, Econometrica, 64, 813–36
  • Filipenco, D. (2023). Homelessness Statistics in the World: Causes and Facts, https://www.developmentaid.org/news-stream/post/157797/homelessness-statistics-in-the-world, (04.08.2023).
  • Goodman, A. C. ve Thibodeau, T. G. (2003). “Housing Market Segmentation and Hedonic Prediction Accuracy”, Journal of Housing Economics, 12(3), 181-201.
  • Hansen, L. P. (1982). “Large Sample Properties of Generalized Method of Moments Estimators”, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 50(4), 1029-1054.
  • Hoeffler, A. (2002). “The Augmented Solow Model and the African Growth Debate”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 64(2), 135-158.
  • Holly, S., Pesaran, M. H. ve Yamagata, T. (2011). “The Spatial and Temporal Diffusion of House Prices in the UK”, Journal of Urban Economics, 69(1), 2-23.
  • Holmes, M. J. ve Grimes, A. (2008). “Is There Long-Run Convergence Among Regional House Prices in the UK?”, Urban Studies, 45(8), 1531-1544.
  • Holt, J. (2009). “A Summary of the Primary Causes of the Housing Bubble and the Resulting Credit Crisis: A Non-Technical Paper”, The Journal of Business Inquiry, 8(1), 120-129.
  • İMSAD (2023). Türkiye İMSAD Dış Ticaret Endeksi Sonuçlarını Açıkladı, https://imsad.org/Uploads/Files/Turkiye_IMSAD_Aralik2022_Dis_Ticaret_Endeksi_BB.pdf, (04.08.2023).
  • Islam, N. (2003), “What Have We Learnt from the Convergence Debate?”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 17(3), 309-362.
  • Johnson, P. A. (2000). “A Nonparametric Analysis of Income Convergence Across the US States”. Economics Letters, 69(2), 219-223.
  • Kader, S. A., Zayed, N. M., Faisal-E-Alam, M., Salah Uddin, M., Nitsenko, V. ve Klius, Y. (2022). “Factors Affecting Demand and Supply in the Housing Market: A Study on Three Major Cities in Turkey”, Computation, 10(11), 196.
  • Kaitila, V. (2013). Convergence, Income Distribution, and the Economic Crisis in Europe, ETLA Working Papers No. 14.
  • Keleş, R. (1983). 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Şehirleşme, Konut ve Gecekondu, İstanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi.
  • Kim, Y. S. ve Rous, J. J. (2012). “House Price Convergence: Evidence from US State and Metropolitan Area Panels”, Journal of Housing Economics, 21(2), 169-186.
  • Knight Frank (2023). Global House Price Index, https://content.knightfrank.com/research/84/documents/en/global-house-price-index-q1-2023-10310.pdf, (10.08.2023).
  • Kördiş, G., Işık, S. ve Mert, M. (2014). Antalya’da Konut Fiyatlarini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Hedonik Fiyat Modeli Ile Tahmin Edilmes”, Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 14(28), 103-132.
  • KPMG (2021). KPMG Perspektifinden İnşaat Sektörüne Bakış, https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/tr/pdf/2021/08/insaat-sektorel-bakis-2021.pdf, (09.08.2023).
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, E. C.B., Schmidt, P. ve Shin, Y. (1992). “Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root: How Sure Are We That Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root?”, Journal of Econometrics, 54, 159-178.
  • Larsen, E. R. ve Weum, S. (2008). “Testing the Efficiency of the Norwegian Housing Market”, Journal of Urban Economics, 64(2), 510-517.
  • Lee, C. C. ve Chien, M. S. (2011). “Empirical Modelling of Regional House Prices and the Ripple Effect”, Urban Studies, 48(10), 2029-2047.
  • Luo, Z., Liu, C. ve Picken, D. (2007). “Granger Causality Among House Price and Macroeconomic Variables in Victoria”, Pacific Rim Property Research Journal, 13(2), 234-256.
  • Ma, L. ve Liu, C. (2013). “Ripple Effects of House Prices: Considering Spatial Correlations in Geography and Demography”, International Journal of Housing Markets And Analysis, 6(3), 284-299.
  • Matos, P. R. F., Penna, C. M. ve Landim, M. N. (2011). “Performance Convergence Analysis of Stock Exchanges: The Situation of the Ibovespa in the World Scenario”, Brazilian Review of Finance, 9(3), 437-459.
  • McDonald, J. F. ve Stokes, H. H. (2015). “Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, and the Housing Bubble”, Modern Economy, 6(2), 165-178.
  • Meen, G. (1999). “Regional House Prices and the Ripple Effect: A New Interpretation”, Housing Studies, 14(6), 733-753.
  • Meen, G. (2002). “The Time-Series Behavior of House Prices: A Transatlantic Divide?”. Journal of Housing Economics, 11(1), 1-23.
  • Moutinho, V., Robaina-Alves, M. ve Mota, J. (2014). “Carbon Dioxide Emissions Intensity of Portuguese Industry and Energy Sectors: A Convergence Analysis and Econometric Approach”, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 40, 438-449.
  • Murinde, V., Agung, J. ve Mullineux, A. (2004). “Patterns of Corporate Financing and Financial System Convergence in Europe”, Review of International Economics, 12(4), 693-705.
  • Mylonidis, N. ve Kollias, C. (2010). “Dynamic European Stock Market Convergence: Evidence from Rolling Cointegration Analysis in the First Euro-Decade”, Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(9), 2056-2064.
  • Önder, K. ve Turgut, H. (2018). “Examination of the Factors Affecting Household Rental Housing Demand Through Data Mining”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 13 (2), 227-238.
  • Peicuti, C. (2013). “Securitization and the Subprime Mortgage Crisis”, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 35(3), 443-455.
  • Pollakowski, H. O. ve Ray, T. S. (1997). “Housing Price Diffusion Patterns at Different Aggregation Levels: An Examination of Housing Market Efficiency”, Journal of Housing Research, 8(1), 107-124.
  • Poterba, J. M. (1992). Taxation and Housing: Old Questions and New Answers, NBER Working Paper No. 3963.
  • Ranjan, R. ve Dhal, S. C. (2003). “Non-Performing Loans and Terms of Credit of Public Sector Banks in India: An Empirical Assessment”, Reserve Bank of India Occasional Papers, 24 (3), 81-121.
  • Rattsø, J. ve Stokke, H. E. (2014). “Population Divergence and Income Convergence: Regional Distribution Dynamics for Norway”, Regional Studies, 48(11), 1884-1895.
  • San Ong, T. (2013). “Factors affecting the price of housing in Malaysia”, J. Emerg. Issues Econ. Financ. Bank, 1, 414-429.
  • Sargan, J. D. (1959). “The Estimation of Relationships With Autocorrelated Residuals by the Use of Instrumental Variables”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 21(1), 91-105.
  • Schmidt, R. H., Hackethal, A. ve Tyrell, M. (2001). The Convergence of Financial Systems in Europe. Finance & Accounting Working Paper Series No. 75.
  • Sheppard, S. (1999). “Hedonic Analysis of Housing Market”, Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, 3, 1595-1635.
  • Soto, M. (2009). System GMM Estimation with Small Sample, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Working Paper, Barcelona, Spain, 1–26.
  • Statista (2023). Real Estate – Worldwide, https://www.statista.com/outlook/fmo/real-estate/worldwide, (05.08.2023).
  • Straszheim, M. (1974). “Hedonic Estimation of Housing Market Prices: A Further Comment”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 56(3), 404-406.
  • TCMB (2023). Konut Fiyat Endeksi, https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/tr/tcmb+tr/main+menu/istatistikler/reel+sektor+istatistikleri/konut+fiyat+endeksi/, (10.08.2023).
  • Ticaret Bakanlığı (2023). Yurt Dışı Müteahhitlik ve Teknik Müşavirlik, https://www.ticaret.gov.tr/hizmet-ticareti/yurtdisi-muteahhitlik-teknik-musavirlik, (07.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2022). Bina ve Konut Nitelikleri Araştırması, 2021, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bina-ve-Konut-Nitelikleri-Arastirmasi-2021-45870&dil=1, (07.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023a). Ciro Endeksleri, Ocak 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Ciro-Endeksleri-Ocak-2023-49575, (06.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023b). Konut Satış İstatistikleri, Mart 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Konut-Satis-Istatistikleri-Mart-2023-49517, (06.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023c). Dönemsel Gayrisafi Yurt İçi Hasıla, I. Çeyrek: Ocak-Mart, 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Donemsel-Gayrisafi-Yurt-Ici-Hasila-I.-Ceyrek:-Ocak-Mart,-2023-49665, (07.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023d). Ücretli Çalışan İstatistikleri, Mayıs 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Ucretli-Calisan-Istatistikleri-Mayis-2023-49361, (07.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023e). Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi, Mart 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Tuketici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Mart-2023-49652, (09.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023f). Yurt İçi Üretici Fiyat Endeksi, Nisan 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yurt-Ici-Uretici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Nisan-2023-49396, (09.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023g). İnşaat Maliyet Endeksi, Haziran 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Insaat-Maliyet-Endeksi-Haziran-2023-49496, (09.08.2023).
  • TÜİK. (2023h). Konut Satış İstatistikleri, Ocak 2023. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Konut-Sat%C4%B1%C5%9F-%C4%B0statistikleri-Ocak-2023-49519&dil=1, (30.08.2023).
  • Uyar, S. G. K. ve Kılıç, E. (2017). “Yabancıların Konut Talebinin Türkiye’deki Bölgesel Konut Talebi Üzerine Etkisi: Mekansal Ekonometrik Analiz”, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(4), 292-306.
  • Uysal, D.ve Yiğit, M. (2016). “Türkiye’de Konut Talebinin Belirleyicileri (1970-2015): Ampirik Bir Çalışma”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 19(1), 185-209.
  • Wang, J., Peng, B., Xia, X. ve Ma, Z. (2021). “Are Housing Prices Sustainable in 35 Large and Medium-Sized Chinese Cities? A Study Based on the Cheap Talk Game and Dynamic GMM”. Sustainability, 13(22), 12791.
  • Warnock, V. C. ve Warnock, F. E. (2008). “Markets and Housing Finance”, Journal of Housing Economics, 17(3), 239-251.
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2009). “On Estimating Firm-Level Production Functions Using Proxy Variables to Control for Unobservables”, Economics Letters, 104(3), 112-114.
  • World Population Review (2023). Homelessness by Country 2023, https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/homelessness-by-country, (04.08.2023).
  • Yayar, R. ve Gül, D.. (2014). “Mersin Kent Merkezinde Konut Piyasası Fiyatlarının Hedonik Tahmini”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 87-100.
  • Yayar, R. ve Karaca, S. S. (2014). “Konut Fiyatlarına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Hedonik Modelle Belirlenmesi: TR83 Bölgesi Örneği”, Ege Akademik Bakış, 14(4), 509-518.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Kaya, A. (2020). “Türkiye’de Bölgesel Konut Piyasası: Düzey-2 Bölgeleri İçin Yakınsama Analizi”, Sosyoekonomi, 28(46), 157-172.
  • Yoo, H. ve Kwon, Y. (2019). “Different Factors Affecting Vacant Housing According to Regional Characteristics in South Korea”. Sustainability, 11(24), 6913.
  • Zainon, N., Mohd-Rahim, F. A., Sulaiman, S., Abd-Karim, S. B. ve Hamzah, A. (2017). “Factors Affecting the Demand of Affordable Housing Among the Middle-Income Groups in Klang Valley Malaysia”, Journal of Design and Built Environment, December, 1-10.
  • Zhang, D. (2010). Testing Convergence on UK Regional House Prices: A Fractional Integration Approach, International Conference on Applied Economics.
  • Zhang, M., Song, Y., Li, P. ve Li, H. (2016). “Study on Affecting Factors of Residential Energy Consumption in Urban and Rural Jiangsu”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 330-337.
  • Zhu, J. ve Lin, B. (2020). “Convergence Analysis of City-Level Energy Intensity in China”, Energy Policy, 139, 111357.

ANALYSIS OF THE CONVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS IN THE FIRST AND SECOND-HAND HOUSING DEMAND: 26 SUB-REGIONAL EXAMPLES

Year 2024, Issue: 60, 153 - 171, 17.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1370918

Abstract

The demand for the first and second-hand housing in Türkiye's 26 sub-regions was examined with the convergence hypothesis.
In the study, monthly time series for the period between January 2013 and March 2023 were used. The first and secondhand housing demand was estimated with the conditional and unconditional convergence hypothesis. Dynamic panel system GMM approach was used in the analyses. As a result of the unconditional convergence model analysis of the first-hand
housing demand; It has been determined that delayed values of the first-hand home sales positively affect housing demand.
In the unconditional convergence model, the house price and household income variables positively affect the first-hand
house demand, while the amount of second-hand house sales negatively affects the first-hand house demand. According to
the convergence hypothesis findings regarding second-hand house sales, the lagged value of the second-hand house sales in
the unconditional model positively affects the second-hand house demand. The household income variable in the conditional
models has a positive effect on the second-hand house demand, and the first-hand house sales variable has a negative effect.
The house price variable in the second-hand house sales convergence model is statistically insignificant.

References

  • Abbott, A. ve De Vita, G. (2012). “Pairwise Convergence of District-Level House Prices in London”, Urban Studies, 49(4), 721-740.
  • Abioğlu, V. (2020). “Türkiye Konut Piyasasinda Balon Oluşumlari: Bölgesel Inceleme”, Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 12(22), 1-14.
  • Afşar, A. ve Doğan, E. (2021). “Bölgesel Fiyat Farklılıkları ve Konut Fiyat Yakınsaması”, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries, 5(8), 122-134.
  • Afşar, A., Yilmazel, Ö. ve Yilmazel, S. (2017). “Konut Fiyatlarini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Hedonik Model ile Belirlenmesi: Eskişehir Örneği”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (37), 195-205.
  • Aktürk, E. ve Tekman, N. (2016). “Konut Talebi ve Erzurum Kent Merkezinde Tüketicilerin Konut Edinme Kararlarini Etkileyen Faktörler”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 30(2), 423-440.
  • Alkan, L. ve Ugurlar, A. (2015). Türkiye’de Konut Sorunu ve Konut Politikalari, Ankara: Kent Araştırmaları Enstitüsü.
  • Alkan, Ö., Karaaslan, A., Abar, H., Celik, A. K. ve Oktay, E. (2014). “Factors Affecting Motives for Housing Demand: the Case of a Turkish Province”, Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 9(3), 70-86.
  • Alp, E. ve Seven, Ü. (2019). “The Dynamics of Household Final Consumption: The Role of Wealth Channel”, Central Bank Review, 19(1), 21-32.
  • Alpanda, S. ve Zubairy, S. (2016). “Housing and Tax Policy”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 48(2-3), 485-512.
  • Amuakwa-Mensah, F., Marbuah, G. ve Ani-Asamoah Marbuah, D. (2017). “Re-Examining the Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Ghana’s Banking Industry: Role of the 2007–2009 Financial Crisis”, Journal of African business, 18(3), 357-379.
  • André, S., Leguerinel, I., Palop, A., Desriac, N., Planchon, S. ve Mafart, P. (2019). “Convergence of Bigelow and Arrhenius Models Over a Wide Range of Heating Temperatures”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 291, 173-180.
  • Angel, S. (2000). Housing Policy Matters: A Global Analysis, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991). “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations”. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995). “Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.
  • Artul, H. ve Ergün, M. (2022). “Yabancıların Konut Edinme Tercihine Etki Eden Temel Kriterlerin Sıralanması; Ordu-Giresun İlleri Örneği”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Mesleki Eğitim ve Uygulama Dergisi, 1(1), 1-10.
  • Baker, D. (2008). “The Housing Bubble and the Financial Crisis”, Real-World Economics Review, 46(20), 73-81.
  • Balcilar, M., Beyene, A., Gupta, R. ve Seleteng, M. (2013). “‘Ripple’effects in South African House Prices”, Urban Studies, 50(5), 876-894.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2008). “Forecasting with Panel Data”, Journal of Forecasting, 27(2), 153-173.
  • Bashar, D. A. (2020). “Artificial Intelligence Based LTE MIMO Antenna for 5th Generation Mobile Networks”, Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Capsule Networks, 2(3), 155-162.
  • Berberoğlu, M. G. Teker, S. (2005). “Konut Finansmanı ve Türkiye'ye Uygun Bir Model Önerisi”, İTÜ Dergisi/b, 2(1), 58-68.
  • Blundell, R. ve Bond, S. (1998). “Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models”, Journal of Econometrics. 87, 115–143.
  • Blundell, R. ve Bond, S. (2000). “GMM Estimation with Persistent Panel Data: An Application to Production Functions”, Econometric Reviews, 19(3), 321-340.
  • Bond, S. R., Hoeffler, A. ve Temple, J. R. (2001). GMM Estimation of Empirical Growth Models, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3048.
  • Bosworth, B. ve Flaaen, A. (2009). America’s Financial Crisis: The End of an Era, Asian Development Bank Institute Working Paper No. 142.
  • Buckley, R. M. (2012). Housing Finance in Developing Countries: A Review of the World Bank's Experience, London: Routledge.
  • Çalmaşur, G. ve Aysin, M. E. (2019). “Konut Fiyatlarina Etki Eden Faktörlerin Hedonik Modelle Belirlenmesi: TRA1 Alt Bölgesi Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (22), 77-92.
  • Canarella, G., Miller, S. ve Pollard, S. (2012). “Unit Roots and Structural Change: An Application to US House Price Indices”. Urban Studies, 49(4), 757-776.
  • Caselli, F., Esquivel, G. ve Lefort, F. (1996). “Reopening the Convergence Debate: A New Look at Cross-Country Growth Empirics”, Journal of Economic Growth, 1(3), 363-389.
  • Çelik, C. ve Kıral, G. (2018). “Kümeleme Yöntemiyle Konut Talebinin Incelenmesi: Türkiye Il Grupları Üzerine Bir Uygulama”. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(1), 123-138.
  • Çetin, A. C. (2021). “Türkiye’de Konut Fiyatlarına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Analizi”, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 1-30.
  • Chiang, S. H. (2014). “Housing Markets in China and Policy Implications: Comovement or Ripple Effect”, China & World Economy, 22(6), 103-120.
  • Chien, M. S., Lee, C. C., Hu, T. C. ve Hu, H. T. (2015). “Dynamic Asian Stock Market Convergence: Evidence from Dynamic Cointegration Analysis Among China and ASEAN-5”. Economic Modelling, 51, 84-98.
  • Clapham, D. (2018). “Housing Theory, Housing Research and Housing Policy”, Housing, Theory and Society, 35(2), 163-177.
  • Clapp, J. M. ve Tirtiroglu, D. (1994). “Positive Feedback Trading and Diffusion of Asset Price Changes: Evidence from Housing Transactions”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 24(3), 337-355.
  • Cole, M. A. ve Neumayer, E. (2003). “The Pitfalls of Convergence Analysis: is the income Gap Really Widening?”, Applied Economics Letters, 10(6), 355-357.
  • Cook, S. (2003). “The Convergence of Regional House Prices in the UK”, Urban studies, 40(11), 2285-2294.
  • Cook, S. (2005). “Detecting Long‐Run Relationships in Regional House Prices in the UK”, International Review of Applied Economics, 19(1), 107-118.
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı (2019). 2020 Yılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Yıllık Programı, Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı.
  • Danes, A. ve Chamba, J. (2022). How Can Data Stop Homelessness Before it Starts?, https://www.ey.com/en_gl/government-public-sector/how-can-data-stop-homelessness-before-it-starts, (07.08.2023).
  • Demir, C. ve Yıldırım, M. O. (2017). “Convergence in House Prices Across OECD Countries: A Panel Data Analysis, Central European Review of Economic Issues”, Ekonomicka Revue, 20, 5–15.
  • Dinh, C. T., Tran, N. H., Nguyen, M. N., Hong, C. S., Bao, W., Zomaya, A. Y. ve Gramoli, V. (2020). “Federated Learning Over Wireless Networks: Convergence Analysis and Resource Allocation”, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 29(1), 398-409.
  • Dokko, J., Doyle, B. M., Kiley, M. T., Kim, J., Sherlund, S., Sim, J. ve Van Den Heuvel, S. (2011). “Monetary Policy and the Global Housing Bubble”, Economic Policy, 26(66), 237-287.
  • Elliott, G., Rothenberg, T. ve Stock, J. H. (1996). “Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root”, Econometrica, 64, 813–36
  • Filipenco, D. (2023). Homelessness Statistics in the World: Causes and Facts, https://www.developmentaid.org/news-stream/post/157797/homelessness-statistics-in-the-world, (04.08.2023).
  • Goodman, A. C. ve Thibodeau, T. G. (2003). “Housing Market Segmentation and Hedonic Prediction Accuracy”, Journal of Housing Economics, 12(3), 181-201.
  • Hansen, L. P. (1982). “Large Sample Properties of Generalized Method of Moments Estimators”, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 50(4), 1029-1054.
  • Hoeffler, A. (2002). “The Augmented Solow Model and the African Growth Debate”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 64(2), 135-158.
  • Holly, S., Pesaran, M. H. ve Yamagata, T. (2011). “The Spatial and Temporal Diffusion of House Prices in the UK”, Journal of Urban Economics, 69(1), 2-23.
  • Holmes, M. J. ve Grimes, A. (2008). “Is There Long-Run Convergence Among Regional House Prices in the UK?”, Urban Studies, 45(8), 1531-1544.
  • Holt, J. (2009). “A Summary of the Primary Causes of the Housing Bubble and the Resulting Credit Crisis: A Non-Technical Paper”, The Journal of Business Inquiry, 8(1), 120-129.
  • İMSAD (2023). Türkiye İMSAD Dış Ticaret Endeksi Sonuçlarını Açıkladı, https://imsad.org/Uploads/Files/Turkiye_IMSAD_Aralik2022_Dis_Ticaret_Endeksi_BB.pdf, (04.08.2023).
  • Islam, N. (2003), “What Have We Learnt from the Convergence Debate?”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 17(3), 309-362.
  • Johnson, P. A. (2000). “A Nonparametric Analysis of Income Convergence Across the US States”. Economics Letters, 69(2), 219-223.
  • Kader, S. A., Zayed, N. M., Faisal-E-Alam, M., Salah Uddin, M., Nitsenko, V. ve Klius, Y. (2022). “Factors Affecting Demand and Supply in the Housing Market: A Study on Three Major Cities in Turkey”, Computation, 10(11), 196.
  • Kaitila, V. (2013). Convergence, Income Distribution, and the Economic Crisis in Europe, ETLA Working Papers No. 14.
  • Keleş, R. (1983). 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Şehirleşme, Konut ve Gecekondu, İstanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi.
  • Kim, Y. S. ve Rous, J. J. (2012). “House Price Convergence: Evidence from US State and Metropolitan Area Panels”, Journal of Housing Economics, 21(2), 169-186.
  • Knight Frank (2023). Global House Price Index, https://content.knightfrank.com/research/84/documents/en/global-house-price-index-q1-2023-10310.pdf, (10.08.2023).
  • Kördiş, G., Işık, S. ve Mert, M. (2014). Antalya’da Konut Fiyatlarini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Hedonik Fiyat Modeli Ile Tahmin Edilmes”, Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 14(28), 103-132.
  • KPMG (2021). KPMG Perspektifinden İnşaat Sektörüne Bakış, https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/tr/pdf/2021/08/insaat-sektorel-bakis-2021.pdf, (09.08.2023).
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, E. C.B., Schmidt, P. ve Shin, Y. (1992). “Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root: How Sure Are We That Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root?”, Journal of Econometrics, 54, 159-178.
  • Larsen, E. R. ve Weum, S. (2008). “Testing the Efficiency of the Norwegian Housing Market”, Journal of Urban Economics, 64(2), 510-517.
  • Lee, C. C. ve Chien, M. S. (2011). “Empirical Modelling of Regional House Prices and the Ripple Effect”, Urban Studies, 48(10), 2029-2047.
  • Luo, Z., Liu, C. ve Picken, D. (2007). “Granger Causality Among House Price and Macroeconomic Variables in Victoria”, Pacific Rim Property Research Journal, 13(2), 234-256.
  • Ma, L. ve Liu, C. (2013). “Ripple Effects of House Prices: Considering Spatial Correlations in Geography and Demography”, International Journal of Housing Markets And Analysis, 6(3), 284-299.
  • Matos, P. R. F., Penna, C. M. ve Landim, M. N. (2011). “Performance Convergence Analysis of Stock Exchanges: The Situation of the Ibovespa in the World Scenario”, Brazilian Review of Finance, 9(3), 437-459.
  • McDonald, J. F. ve Stokes, H. H. (2015). “Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, and the Housing Bubble”, Modern Economy, 6(2), 165-178.
  • Meen, G. (1999). “Regional House Prices and the Ripple Effect: A New Interpretation”, Housing Studies, 14(6), 733-753.
  • Meen, G. (2002). “The Time-Series Behavior of House Prices: A Transatlantic Divide?”. Journal of Housing Economics, 11(1), 1-23.
  • Moutinho, V., Robaina-Alves, M. ve Mota, J. (2014). “Carbon Dioxide Emissions Intensity of Portuguese Industry and Energy Sectors: A Convergence Analysis and Econometric Approach”, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 40, 438-449.
  • Murinde, V., Agung, J. ve Mullineux, A. (2004). “Patterns of Corporate Financing and Financial System Convergence in Europe”, Review of International Economics, 12(4), 693-705.
  • Mylonidis, N. ve Kollias, C. (2010). “Dynamic European Stock Market Convergence: Evidence from Rolling Cointegration Analysis in the First Euro-Decade”, Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(9), 2056-2064.
  • Önder, K. ve Turgut, H. (2018). “Examination of the Factors Affecting Household Rental Housing Demand Through Data Mining”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 13 (2), 227-238.
  • Peicuti, C. (2013). “Securitization and the Subprime Mortgage Crisis”, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 35(3), 443-455.
  • Pollakowski, H. O. ve Ray, T. S. (1997). “Housing Price Diffusion Patterns at Different Aggregation Levels: An Examination of Housing Market Efficiency”, Journal of Housing Research, 8(1), 107-124.
  • Poterba, J. M. (1992). Taxation and Housing: Old Questions and New Answers, NBER Working Paper No. 3963.
  • Ranjan, R. ve Dhal, S. C. (2003). “Non-Performing Loans and Terms of Credit of Public Sector Banks in India: An Empirical Assessment”, Reserve Bank of India Occasional Papers, 24 (3), 81-121.
  • Rattsø, J. ve Stokke, H. E. (2014). “Population Divergence and Income Convergence: Regional Distribution Dynamics for Norway”, Regional Studies, 48(11), 1884-1895.
  • San Ong, T. (2013). “Factors affecting the price of housing in Malaysia”, J. Emerg. Issues Econ. Financ. Bank, 1, 414-429.
  • Sargan, J. D. (1959). “The Estimation of Relationships With Autocorrelated Residuals by the Use of Instrumental Variables”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 21(1), 91-105.
  • Schmidt, R. H., Hackethal, A. ve Tyrell, M. (2001). The Convergence of Financial Systems in Europe. Finance & Accounting Working Paper Series No. 75.
  • Sheppard, S. (1999). “Hedonic Analysis of Housing Market”, Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, 3, 1595-1635.
  • Soto, M. (2009). System GMM Estimation with Small Sample, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Working Paper, Barcelona, Spain, 1–26.
  • Statista (2023). Real Estate – Worldwide, https://www.statista.com/outlook/fmo/real-estate/worldwide, (05.08.2023).
  • Straszheim, M. (1974). “Hedonic Estimation of Housing Market Prices: A Further Comment”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 56(3), 404-406.
  • TCMB (2023). Konut Fiyat Endeksi, https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/tr/tcmb+tr/main+menu/istatistikler/reel+sektor+istatistikleri/konut+fiyat+endeksi/, (10.08.2023).
  • Ticaret Bakanlığı (2023). Yurt Dışı Müteahhitlik ve Teknik Müşavirlik, https://www.ticaret.gov.tr/hizmet-ticareti/yurtdisi-muteahhitlik-teknik-musavirlik, (07.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2022). Bina ve Konut Nitelikleri Araştırması, 2021, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bina-ve-Konut-Nitelikleri-Arastirmasi-2021-45870&dil=1, (07.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023a). Ciro Endeksleri, Ocak 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Ciro-Endeksleri-Ocak-2023-49575, (06.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023b). Konut Satış İstatistikleri, Mart 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Konut-Satis-Istatistikleri-Mart-2023-49517, (06.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023c). Dönemsel Gayrisafi Yurt İçi Hasıla, I. Çeyrek: Ocak-Mart, 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Donemsel-Gayrisafi-Yurt-Ici-Hasila-I.-Ceyrek:-Ocak-Mart,-2023-49665, (07.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023d). Ücretli Çalışan İstatistikleri, Mayıs 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Ucretli-Calisan-Istatistikleri-Mayis-2023-49361, (07.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023e). Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi, Mart 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Tuketici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Mart-2023-49652, (09.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023f). Yurt İçi Üretici Fiyat Endeksi, Nisan 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yurt-Ici-Uretici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Nisan-2023-49396, (09.08.2023).
  • TÜİK (2023g). İnşaat Maliyet Endeksi, Haziran 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Insaat-Maliyet-Endeksi-Haziran-2023-49496, (09.08.2023).
  • TÜİK. (2023h). Konut Satış İstatistikleri, Ocak 2023. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Konut-Sat%C4%B1%C5%9F-%C4%B0statistikleri-Ocak-2023-49519&dil=1, (30.08.2023).
  • Uyar, S. G. K. ve Kılıç, E. (2017). “Yabancıların Konut Talebinin Türkiye’deki Bölgesel Konut Talebi Üzerine Etkisi: Mekansal Ekonometrik Analiz”, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(4), 292-306.
  • Uysal, D.ve Yiğit, M. (2016). “Türkiye’de Konut Talebinin Belirleyicileri (1970-2015): Ampirik Bir Çalışma”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 19(1), 185-209.
  • Wang, J., Peng, B., Xia, X. ve Ma, Z. (2021). “Are Housing Prices Sustainable in 35 Large and Medium-Sized Chinese Cities? A Study Based on the Cheap Talk Game and Dynamic GMM”. Sustainability, 13(22), 12791.
  • Warnock, V. C. ve Warnock, F. E. (2008). “Markets and Housing Finance”, Journal of Housing Economics, 17(3), 239-251.
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2009). “On Estimating Firm-Level Production Functions Using Proxy Variables to Control for Unobservables”, Economics Letters, 104(3), 112-114.
  • World Population Review (2023). Homelessness by Country 2023, https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/homelessness-by-country, (04.08.2023).
  • Yayar, R. ve Gül, D.. (2014). “Mersin Kent Merkezinde Konut Piyasası Fiyatlarının Hedonik Tahmini”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 87-100.
  • Yayar, R. ve Karaca, S. S. (2014). “Konut Fiyatlarına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Hedonik Modelle Belirlenmesi: TR83 Bölgesi Örneği”, Ege Akademik Bakış, 14(4), 509-518.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Kaya, A. (2020). “Türkiye’de Bölgesel Konut Piyasası: Düzey-2 Bölgeleri İçin Yakınsama Analizi”, Sosyoekonomi, 28(46), 157-172.
  • Yoo, H. ve Kwon, Y. (2019). “Different Factors Affecting Vacant Housing According to Regional Characteristics in South Korea”. Sustainability, 11(24), 6913.
  • Zainon, N., Mohd-Rahim, F. A., Sulaiman, S., Abd-Karim, S. B. ve Hamzah, A. (2017). “Factors Affecting the Demand of Affordable Housing Among the Middle-Income Groups in Klang Valley Malaysia”, Journal of Design and Built Environment, December, 1-10.
  • Zhang, D. (2010). Testing Convergence on UK Regional House Prices: A Fractional Integration Approach, International Conference on Applied Economics.
  • Zhang, M., Song, Y., Li, P. ve Li, H. (2016). “Study on Affecting Factors of Residential Energy Consumption in Urban and Rural Jiangsu”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 330-337.
  • Zhu, J. ve Lin, B. (2020). “Convergence Analysis of City-Level Energy Intensity in China”, Energy Policy, 139, 111357.
There are 110 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Regional Economy, Theory of Economy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kübra Önder 0000-0003-3537-3635

Muhammet Şahin 0000-0002-1490-8947

Early Pub Date January 17, 2024
Publication Date January 17, 2024
Acceptance Date November 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 60

Cite

APA Önder, K., & Şahin, M. (2024). İLK VE İKİNCİ EL KONUT TALEBİNDE YAKINSAMA HIPOTEZİNİN ANALİZİ: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(60), 153-171. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1370918
AMA Önder K, Şahin M. İLK VE İKİNCİ EL KONUT TALEBİNDE YAKINSAMA HIPOTEZİNİN ANALİZİ: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. January 2024;(60):153-171. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1370918
Chicago Önder, Kübra, and Muhammet Şahin. “İLK VE İKİNCİ EL KONUT TALEBİNDE YAKINSAMA HIPOTEZİNİN ANALİZİ: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 60 (January 2024): 153-71. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1370918.
EndNote Önder K, Şahin M (January 1, 2024) İLK VE İKİNCİ EL KONUT TALEBİNDE YAKINSAMA HIPOTEZİNİN ANALİZİ: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 60 153–171.
IEEE K. Önder and M. Şahin, “İLK VE İKİNCİ EL KONUT TALEBİNDE YAKINSAMA HIPOTEZİNİN ANALİZİ: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ”, PAUSBED, no. 60, pp. 153–171, January 2024, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1370918.
ISNAD Önder, Kübra - Şahin, Muhammet. “İLK VE İKİNCİ EL KONUT TALEBİNDE YAKINSAMA HIPOTEZİNİN ANALİZİ: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 60 (January 2024), 153-171. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1370918.
JAMA Önder K, Şahin M. İLK VE İKİNCİ EL KONUT TALEBİNDE YAKINSAMA HIPOTEZİNİN ANALİZİ: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. 2024;:153–171.
MLA Önder, Kübra and Muhammet Şahin. “İLK VE İKİNCİ EL KONUT TALEBİNDE YAKINSAMA HIPOTEZİNİN ANALİZİ: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 60, 2024, pp. 153-71, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1370918.
Vancouver Önder K, Şahin M. İLK VE İKİNCİ EL KONUT TALEBİNDE YAKINSAMA HIPOTEZİNİN ANALİZİ: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. 2024(60):153-71.