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ÖĞRENİLMİŞ ŞİDDET: EDWARD BOND'UN THE CHILDREN ADLI OYUNUNUNDA BANDURA'NIN SOSYAL ÖĞRENME KURAMI

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 106 - 118, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1123069

Öz

Bu çalışma, Bandura'nın sosyal öğrenme kuramına odaklanarak Edward Bond'un The Children oyunundaki öğrenilmiş şiddet temasını incelemektedir. Kanada doğumlu Amerikalı bir psikolog olan Albert Bandura, bireyler hakkında davranışçı soruları inceleyerek sosyal öğrenme kuramını geliştirir. Bandura kuramında, şiddet davranışının doğuştan gelen saldırgan eğilimlerin sonucu olduğuna dair zaman aşımına uğramış yaygın inanca yanıt olarak, öğrenenin zihninin ve çevresinin davranışını etkilediğini öne sürer. Bu kuram, bir sosyal çevrede başkalarının davranış, tutum ve duygusal tepkilerini gözlemlemeyi, modellemeyi ve taklit etmeyi öne çıkarır. Edward Bond ise çağdaş İngiliz tiyatrosunun en iddialı ve üretken yazarlarından biridir. 2000 yılında ilk gösterimi yapılan ve on iki sahneden oluşan kısa oyunu The Children (Çocuklar), yazarın son dönem eserlerinden biri olarak kabul edilir. Bond oyununda genç karakterleri kullanarak, sosyal çevrenin gençler üzerindeki etkilerini vurgulamayı amaçlar. Oyun, istismarcı ve şiddet uygulayan annesiyle yaşayan ergen Joe’nun etrafında gelişir. Annesiyle karşılaştırıldığında Joe zamanla daha fazla şiddet uygulayan bir kişiye dönüşür çünkü içinde bir çocuğun ölmesine neden olan binayı annesinin isteğiyle yakmıştır. Böylece Bond'un oyunu, Bandura'nın kuramına paralel olarak şiddetin öğrenilmiş bir davranış olduğuna dikkat çeker.

Kaynakça

  • Abt, T. P. (2017). Towards a framework for preventing community violence among youth. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 22(sup1), pp. 266–285. DOI:10.1080/13548506.2016.1257815
  • Ada, U. & Parlak, E. (2022). “What Will It Be Next?”: The Process of ‘Dramatic Child’ in Edward Bond’s Eleven Vest. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, 7(1), pp. 94-109. DOI: 10.29110/soylemdergi.1067595
  • Allan, J. (2017). An Analysis of Albert Bandura’s Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Routledge.
  • Allen, D. (2007). ‘Going to the Centre?’: Edward Bond’s The Children. Studies in Theatre and Performance, 27(2), pp. 115–136. DOI:10.1386/stap.27.2.115_1
  • Anderson, J. F., Kras, K. (2007). Revisiting Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory to Better Understand and Assist Victims of Intimate Personal Violence. Women & Criminal Justice, 17(1), pp.99–124. DOI:10.1300/j012v17n01_05
  • Arendt, H. (1970). On Violence. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Prentice- Hall, Inc.
  • Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Prentice Hall, Epub.
  • Bandura, A. (1995). Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bay, S., Kaya, K. (2020). Shakespeare’in Macbeth oyunundaki Kral Duncan, Macbeth ve Lady Macbeth’in İncil’deki Kökleri. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), pp.51-64. DOI: 10.38120/banusad.705639
  • Billingham, P. (2014). Edward Bond: A Critical Study. Palgrave: Macmillan.
  • Billington, M. (2008, Jan 3). If you're going to despair, stop writing, The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/jan/03/theatre
  • Bond, E. (2000). The Children & Have I None. Bloomsbury Methuen Drama.
  • Bond, E. (1978). Bond Plays: 2: Lear; The Sea; Narrow Road to the Deep North, Black Mass, Passion. Bloomsbury Methuen Drama.
  • Bond, E. (1997). Modern and Postmodern Theatres. New Theatre Quarterly, 13(50), pp.99-105. DOI:10.1017/s0266464x00010988
  • Eagleton, T. (1984). Nature and violence: the prefaces of Edward Bond. Critical Quarterly, 26(1-2), pp.127–135. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8705. 1984.tb00708.x Euripides. (2015). Complete Works of Euripides. Delphi Classics.
  • Jones, D.R. (1980). Edward Bond’s Rational Theatre. Theatre Journal, 32(4), pp. 505-517.
  • Khatoon, S. (2021). Abjection and Taboo Objects in Edward Bond’s Plays. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 19(1), pp. 37-54. DOI:10.52015/numljci.v19i1.96
  • Longman. (2004). Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman Publishing.
  • Mavili, A. (2014). Aile İçi Şiddet: Kadının ve Çocuğun Korunması. Elma Yayınevi.
  • McLeod, S.A. (2016, Feb 5). Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, Simply Psychology. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html
  • Nicholson, H. (2003). Acting, Creativity and Social Justice: Edward Bond’s The Children. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 8(1), pp.9–23. DOI:10.1080/13569780308325
  • Nieburg, H.L. (1963). The Uses of Violence, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 7(1) pp.43-54. DOI: 10.1177/002200276300700106
  • Özata, C.,Biçer, A. G. (2021). Edward Bond’un Sandalye Oyunları’nda İktidar. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 31(1), pp. 229-254. DOI:10.26650/LITERA2021-857668
  • Takkaç, M. (2001). Reflections of new naturalism in Edward Bond's Summer. Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters, 18(1), pp. 83-93.
  • Woodrow, A. (2001). Child development: A social learning theory perspective. Child Care in Practice, 7(2), pp. 130–140. DOI:10.1080/13575270108415316
  • Zsolnai, L. (2016). Moral Disengagement: How People Do Harm and Live with Themselves, by Albert Bandura. Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(03), pp. 426–429. DOI:10.1017/beq.2016.37

LEARNED VIOLENCE: BANDURA’S SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY IN EDWARD BOND'S THE CHILDREN

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 106 - 118, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1123069

Öz

This study focuses on Bandura's social learning theory by examining the theme of learned violence in Edward Bond's The Children. Albert Bandura, a significant Canadian-born American psychologist, studied behaviourist questions about individuals and developed what is now known as social learning theory. In response to the outdated belief that violent behaviour is the result of innate aggressive tendencies, he introduced the theory which is concerned with the interaction of the learner's mind and its surroundings. Bandura's theory posits that people learn new behaviour, attitudes, and emotional responses by observing, modelling, and imitating the actions of others in their social environment. Edward Bond, on the other hand, has been one of the most controversial and prolific writers in contemporary British theatre. His twelve-scene short play The Children, which premiered in 2000, is considered as one of his later works. By using young characters in his work, the playwright reflects on the effects of social environment on teenagers. The play is about Joe, a teenager who lives with his abusive mother. When compared to his mother, Joe becomes more violent over time because he burns down a building in which a child dies. Thus, Bond's play demonstrates how violence is learned in parallel with Bandura's theory.

Kaynakça

  • Abt, T. P. (2017). Towards a framework for preventing community violence among youth. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 22(sup1), pp. 266–285. DOI:10.1080/13548506.2016.1257815
  • Ada, U. & Parlak, E. (2022). “What Will It Be Next?”: The Process of ‘Dramatic Child’ in Edward Bond’s Eleven Vest. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, 7(1), pp. 94-109. DOI: 10.29110/soylemdergi.1067595
  • Allan, J. (2017). An Analysis of Albert Bandura’s Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Routledge.
  • Allen, D. (2007). ‘Going to the Centre?’: Edward Bond’s The Children. Studies in Theatre and Performance, 27(2), pp. 115–136. DOI:10.1386/stap.27.2.115_1
  • Anderson, J. F., Kras, K. (2007). Revisiting Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory to Better Understand and Assist Victims of Intimate Personal Violence. Women & Criminal Justice, 17(1), pp.99–124. DOI:10.1300/j012v17n01_05
  • Arendt, H. (1970). On Violence. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Prentice- Hall, Inc.
  • Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Prentice Hall, Epub.
  • Bandura, A. (1995). Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bay, S., Kaya, K. (2020). Shakespeare’in Macbeth oyunundaki Kral Duncan, Macbeth ve Lady Macbeth’in İncil’deki Kökleri. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), pp.51-64. DOI: 10.38120/banusad.705639
  • Billingham, P. (2014). Edward Bond: A Critical Study. Palgrave: Macmillan.
  • Billington, M. (2008, Jan 3). If you're going to despair, stop writing, The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/jan/03/theatre
  • Bond, E. (2000). The Children & Have I None. Bloomsbury Methuen Drama.
  • Bond, E. (1978). Bond Plays: 2: Lear; The Sea; Narrow Road to the Deep North, Black Mass, Passion. Bloomsbury Methuen Drama.
  • Bond, E. (1997). Modern and Postmodern Theatres. New Theatre Quarterly, 13(50), pp.99-105. DOI:10.1017/s0266464x00010988
  • Eagleton, T. (1984). Nature and violence: the prefaces of Edward Bond. Critical Quarterly, 26(1-2), pp.127–135. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8705. 1984.tb00708.x Euripides. (2015). Complete Works of Euripides. Delphi Classics.
  • Jones, D.R. (1980). Edward Bond’s Rational Theatre. Theatre Journal, 32(4), pp. 505-517.
  • Khatoon, S. (2021). Abjection and Taboo Objects in Edward Bond’s Plays. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 19(1), pp. 37-54. DOI:10.52015/numljci.v19i1.96
  • Longman. (2004). Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman Publishing.
  • Mavili, A. (2014). Aile İçi Şiddet: Kadının ve Çocuğun Korunması. Elma Yayınevi.
  • McLeod, S.A. (2016, Feb 5). Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, Simply Psychology. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html
  • Nicholson, H. (2003). Acting, Creativity and Social Justice: Edward Bond’s The Children. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 8(1), pp.9–23. DOI:10.1080/13569780308325
  • Nieburg, H.L. (1963). The Uses of Violence, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 7(1) pp.43-54. DOI: 10.1177/002200276300700106
  • Özata, C.,Biçer, A. G. (2021). Edward Bond’un Sandalye Oyunları’nda İktidar. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 31(1), pp. 229-254. DOI:10.26650/LITERA2021-857668
  • Takkaç, M. (2001). Reflections of new naturalism in Edward Bond's Summer. Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters, 18(1), pp. 83-93.
  • Woodrow, A. (2001). Child development: A social learning theory perspective. Child Care in Practice, 7(2), pp. 130–140. DOI:10.1080/13575270108415316
  • Zsolnai, L. (2016). Moral Disengagement: How People Do Harm and Live with Themselves, by Albert Bandura. Business Ethics Quarterly, 26(03), pp. 426–429. DOI:10.1017/beq.2016.37
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm FİLOLOJİ
Yazarlar

Ajda Baştan 0000-0001-8171-8644

Ahmet Dülek 0000-0003-2795-9521

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Mart 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Baştan, A., & Dülek, A. (2023). LEARNED VIOLENCE: BANDURA’S SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY IN EDWARD BOND’S THE CHILDREN. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 13(1), 106-118. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1123069