International Journal of Kurdish Studies

Abstract

The national thought of Kurdish renaissance has
been delayed due to long term conflicts among Kurdish Emirates, in particular
in the first half of the 19^th century. Along with other nations
under Ottoman Empire and its renaissancebeginning in 1839 and later years by
Sultan Abdul-Majeed while Kurdish society was encountering backwardness,
subordinate in policy, economy and education aspects. Consisting first half of
the 19^th century, three quarters of this half includes quarrels and
fighting for power between brothers, uncle and cousin, between cousins within
the same family orbetween two different Emirates attempting to continue their
dictatorship in Southern Kurdistan. Ottoman Empire was waiting their
destruction on the borders when they were awaken, it happened exactly after
1835 when Ottoman commander Rasheed Pasha attacked Botan, Soran and Badinan
Emirates in 1836. Ottoman Empire could dissolve and end the power of both
Emirates of Soran and Badinan in six years. Ottoman power returning to the
central lands of northern Kurdistan andinterests of countries such Britain,
France, Russia and Germany played an important role in ending Kurdish Emirates
in Southern Kurdistan. Thus, continual agreements between Ottoman and
Qajaryempires especially the last one which was Erzurum Agreement in 1847
resulted into the process of Renaissance delayed national thought in South
Kurdistan in the first half of the 19^th century.