Research Article
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 211 - 236, 25.01.2019
Abstract
Since the late
nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, Erbil has been
the administrative district of the province of Mosul. The fertility of its soil,
its climate, and its location was economical and prestigious — its inhabitants
have relied on agriculture to secure their lives. As they were interested in
the production of some of the crops and crops that this research focused on in
quantities and varieties of those products and crops accurately. Some were
self-sustaining, such as wheat, barley, rice, as well as some other cash crops
like tobacco and cotton. In addition, it has also been interested in the
production of fruits and livestock. There is no doubt that each of these economic
journals did not depart from natural and human problems and obstacles, And it
was found to have affected the quantities and varieties of products and crops,
and this has a negative impact on the lives of farmers.
As for the financial
struggle in Erbil, the established financial system was the same as that which
existed during the days of the Ottoman Empire. In addition to the archaic
system, the Baathist regime had taken over Kurdish society — The lands of Erbil
were divided into different types depending on the royal stratification of the
Ottoman Empire, In the last section of this paper, we discuss the circumstances
surrounding the residents of Erbil in the years of the First World War.
We have relied on sources from the Ottoman
Empire, the British government, and a number of Kurdish and Arab sources.
References
- Aasasard, F., (1986). Capitalist growth in Kurdistan Abdulqadir, N., (2012). Hewler ( Erbil) in the years 1918-1926, Erbil Ahmad, K., (1975). Kurdistan in the first years of the war. Baghdad Ahmma, K., (1978). "Tegayshtny Rasti" Newspaper, Baghdad Ali, G., (1998). Ottoman financial system in Iraq, 1839-1914, Master's thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts-Mosul University, Mosul Aldosky, K., (2002). Ottoman Kurdistan in the first half of the nineteenth century, Erbil, Alhaj, A., (1985). The Kurdish Issue in the Twenties, Baghdad Aljanaby, H., (1987). Erbil City Study in urban geography, Mosul AlJawahery, A., (1978). History of the Land Problem in Iraq 1914-1932, Baghdad Alqaesy, N., (2002). Money in Iraq, Baghdad Alsammaraie, S. (1969). Monetary and banking system in Iraq, Baghdad Alshajary, A. (2013). Iraqi administrative system 1920-1939, PhD thesis, Faculty of Arts Alwaely, A., (2013). Iraqi Kurdsh, 1851-1914, Baghdad Azawy, A., (1958). History of Iraqi Money, Baghdad Chawshle, H., (1987). Erbil in astronomical rotation, Baghdad Checho, T., (1985). Erbil on a public occasion to establish the municipality of Erbil, Erbil Dabbagh, F., (2005). Erbil in Salnamat Mosul state , Hewler "Magazine", p (5), Erbil Dabbagh, A., (2001). My uncle is the founder of the Caesare market of Arbil, Barsh"Magazine", p (6), Erbil Fatah, S., (2003). Mirror of my life, Erbil Ghafor A. Kurdistan geography, Erbil, 2005. Ghafor j. Arbil in Ottoman Sallanama Karwan"Magazine", p (91), Erbil, 1999 . Habib A. Tobacco in the Ottoman Empire from the late 16th century until the First World War, Master's thesis, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 2015. HamiltonA. Road Through Kurdistan , Trasted by , Abdulrahman A,Erbil,2013. Haroty S. Historical, political, social and economic aspects of Kurdistan in the Ottoman era, Erbil, 2013. Hussein j. Life artist Shahaba Erbeli (1891-1939) Erbil,2009. Hussein ,N. Industrial activity of the large public sector industries in Erbil Governorate, Master's thesis, Faculty of Administration and Economics, Salahaden University, Erbil, 2002. IRAQ , ADMINISTRATION REPORRTS 1914-1932 , ARCHIVE EDITIONS,1919 Ismail S. Characteristics of the rain of Kurdistan region, . Silemany,2006. Jambaz T. Population census of Erbil, 1922. Erbil. 2006 Baghdad, 1984. Karem U. The Kurdish Issue in the British-Iraqi Conflict 1918-1932, Erbil, 2003. Khesbak Sh. North Iraq a Physcal and Cultural Study , Baghdad,1974. Kirkuky S . Britsh Administration Report of Kirkuk Division, Silemany,2006. Longrigg S. Four centuries in modern Iraq, translation, Jaafar Khayat, Baghdad, 1986. Longrigg,S ,Iraq modern 1900-1950, translated by Tikriti S , Baghdad, 1988. Marufoglu S , Northern Iraq in the Ottoman era 1831-1914(OSMANLI DONEMINDE KUZEY IRAK 1831-1914), Istanbul, 1998 Morad X , Erbil administration in the late Ottoman era 1836-1918, Erbil Encyclopedia , Erbil , 2009. MosiA. Mendele through history, Baghdad, 1983. Mosul S. (Mosul Wlaeat Salnammase) Mosul, 1890 Mosul S. (Mosul Wlaeat Salnammase) Mosul, 1892 Mosul S. (Mosul Wlaeat Salnammase) Mosul ,1894 Mosul S. (Mosul Wlaeat Salnammase) Mosul, 1907 Mosul S. (Mosul Wlaeat Salnammase) Mosul, 1912 Mtshishgheily. Iraq in the British Mandate Years, translation, Hashim Saleh al-Tikriti, Baghdad, 1978. MuftyE. The major crisis in Erbil, the Encyclopedia of Erbil, 2009. Mustaffa F. Geographic division of the population Erbil, Erbil, 2008 Perdawed j. Handmade in Erbil. Hewler "Magazine", p (5) Erbil, 1999 QadirM . Hewler( Erbil) in the years 1914-1930, Erbil, 2008. QadirM . Hewler( Erbil) in the years 1926-1930, Arbil, 2013. Salih R " "Tegayshtny Rasti" Newspaper , The first Kurdish newspaper in Iraq, Erbil ,2007. ShamyaloveA. About the question of feudalism between Kurd, translation, Ahmed A, Baghdad, 1984. "Tegayshtny Rasti" Newspaper . p( 19) , Baghdad, 1918. Xwaja.A, On the historical anniversary, Roshnbery New "Magazine", p (111), Arbil, 1986
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 211 - 236, 25.01.2019
Abstract
References
- Aasasard, F., (1986). Capitalist growth in Kurdistan Abdulqadir, N., (2012). Hewler ( Erbil) in the years 1918-1926, Erbil Ahmad, K., (1975). Kurdistan in the first years of the war. Baghdad Ahmma, K., (1978). "Tegayshtny Rasti" Newspaper, Baghdad Ali, G., (1998). Ottoman financial system in Iraq, 1839-1914, Master's thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts-Mosul University, Mosul Aldosky, K., (2002). Ottoman Kurdistan in the first half of the nineteenth century, Erbil, Alhaj, A., (1985). The Kurdish Issue in the Twenties, Baghdad Aljanaby, H., (1987). Erbil City Study in urban geography, Mosul AlJawahery, A., (1978). History of the Land Problem in Iraq 1914-1932, Baghdad Alqaesy, N., (2002). Money in Iraq, Baghdad Alsammaraie, S. (1969). Monetary and banking system in Iraq, Baghdad Alshajary, A. (2013). Iraqi administrative system 1920-1939, PhD thesis, Faculty of Arts Alwaely, A., (2013). Iraqi Kurdsh, 1851-1914, Baghdad Azawy, A., (1958). History of Iraqi Money, Baghdad Chawshle, H., (1987). Erbil in astronomical rotation, Baghdad Checho, T., (1985). Erbil on a public occasion to establish the municipality of Erbil, Erbil Dabbagh, F., (2005). Erbil in Salnamat Mosul state , Hewler "Magazine", p (5), Erbil Dabbagh, A., (2001). My uncle is the founder of the Caesare market of Arbil, Barsh"Magazine", p (6), Erbil Fatah, S., (2003). Mirror of my life, Erbil Ghafor A. Kurdistan geography, Erbil, 2005. Ghafor j. Arbil in Ottoman Sallanama Karwan"Magazine", p (91), Erbil, 1999 . Habib A. Tobacco in the Ottoman Empire from the late 16th century until the First World War, Master's thesis, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 2015. HamiltonA. Road Through Kurdistan , Trasted by , Abdulrahman A,Erbil,2013. Haroty S. Historical, political, social and economic aspects of Kurdistan in the Ottoman era, Erbil, 2013. Hussein j. Life artist Shahaba Erbeli (1891-1939) Erbil,2009. Hussein ,N. Industrial activity of the large public sector industries in Erbil Governorate, Master's thesis, Faculty of Administration and Economics, Salahaden University, Erbil, 2002. IRAQ , ADMINISTRATION REPORRTS 1914-1932 , ARCHIVE EDITIONS,1919 Ismail S. Characteristics of the rain of Kurdistan region, . Silemany,2006. Jambaz T. Population census of Erbil, 1922. Erbil. 2006 Baghdad, 1984. Karem U. The Kurdish Issue in the British-Iraqi Conflict 1918-1932, Erbil, 2003. Khesbak Sh. North Iraq a Physcal and Cultural Study , Baghdad,1974. Kirkuky S . Britsh Administration Report of Kirkuk Division, Silemany,2006. Longrigg S. Four centuries in modern Iraq, translation, Jaafar Khayat, Baghdad, 1986. Longrigg,S ,Iraq modern 1900-1950, translated by Tikriti S , Baghdad, 1988. Marufoglu S , Northern Iraq in the Ottoman era 1831-1914(OSMANLI DONEMINDE KUZEY IRAK 1831-1914), Istanbul, 1998 Morad X , Erbil administration in the late Ottoman era 1836-1918, Erbil Encyclopedia , Erbil , 2009. MosiA. Mendele through history, Baghdad, 1983. Mosul S. (Mosul Wlaeat Salnammase) Mosul, 1890 Mosul S. (Mosul Wlaeat Salnammase) Mosul, 1892 Mosul S. (Mosul Wlaeat Salnammase) Mosul ,1894 Mosul S. (Mosul Wlaeat Salnammase) Mosul, 1907 Mosul S. (Mosul Wlaeat Salnammase) Mosul, 1912 Mtshishgheily. Iraq in the British Mandate Years, translation, Hashim Saleh al-Tikriti, Baghdad, 1978. MuftyE. The major crisis in Erbil, the Encyclopedia of Erbil, 2009. Mustaffa F. Geographic division of the population Erbil, Erbil, 2008 Perdawed j. Handmade in Erbil. Hewler "Magazine", p (5) Erbil, 1999 QadirM . Hewler( Erbil) in the years 1914-1930, Erbil, 2008. QadirM . Hewler( Erbil) in the years 1926-1930, Arbil, 2013. Salih R " "Tegayshtny Rasti" Newspaper , The first Kurdish newspaper in Iraq, Erbil ,2007. ShamyaloveA. About the question of feudalism between Kurd, translation, Ahmed A, Baghdad, 1984. "Tegayshtny Rasti" Newspaper . p( 19) , Baghdad, 1918. Xwaja.A, On the historical anniversary, Roshnbery New "Magazine", p (111), Arbil, 1986
There are 1 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 25, 2019 |
| Submission Date | August 6, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019Volume: 5 Issue: 1 |
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