Research Article
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 253 - 289, 25.01.2019
Abstract
Leftism
has reached Kurdistan in various ways, including the social democratic movement
of 1905, the Iranian Communist Party, the Tudeh Party of Iran (1941), and the
arrival of the Sur Army Forces into Iran and their support for the Republic of
Kurdistan. The first Kurdish organizations in Eastern Kurdistan, namely the
Freedom Party (1938) and the Kurdistan Revitalization Society (J-K) (1942),
were somehow affected by leftist thought.
The
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) was established on the foundation left by J-K in August of 1945. Due to the social
composition of KDP’s leadership, the radicalism of J-K is not apparent in its
party program.
Generally,
the tribal and sociopolitical structure of Kurdish society, the authority of
Sheikhs and clergymen, and the existence of characters belonging to all those
mentioned classes and strata was natural and has not led to radical social
programs.
Kurdistan
Democratic Party’s leadership and particularly Qazi Muhammad has mostly sought
a formula for coexisting and keeping the balance among rivals in that era, such
as the farmers and landowners, tribal leaders, urbanites, and traditional
moderates, in order to reunite them all under the national umbrella.
In
the structure of the KDP, the same formula of tolerance has been considered and
the left wing the Society for the Revival of Kurdistan (Komeley Jiyanewey
Kurdistan or JK) though in newly organizing (KDP), did not have the chance as
appeared previously, and practicing its programs, at the same time had a kind
of tolerance with the right wing and conservative ones.
Keywords
Azadi Party J-K Organization Kurdistan Democratic Party Radicalism Conservatism Communism Soviet Union Tudeh Party
References
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Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 253 - 289, 25.01.2019
Abstract
References
- Books Abdulghader, N, M. (2008). Iran's policy towards Kurdish liberation movements in Iraqi Kurdistan (1975-1961). Erbil. Ali, J. (2004). Nationalism andKurdish nationalism; A study estimated the emergence of nationalism and its development at the time of Sheikh Mahmod and Ghazi Mohammad’s movements. Suleimania. Ali, J. (2007). Biography of Kurdish Journalism in East Kurdistan and beyond (1908-1998). Suleimania: Zhin center. Amin, N, M. (1993). Kurdistan government; Kurds and Soviet games. Erbil. Asasard, F. (2012). Dimensions of kurdish political thinking after World War II. Academy of awareness and growth of members. Suleimania. Barzani, M. Barzani and Kurdish liberation movements; Eilol revolution (1961-1975). Dabbaghi, A. (1988). J-K’s Uprising. From the publishing center of the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran. Eggleton, W. (1979). Republic of Mahabad 1946. Translated by Samadi, S, M. Mahabad: Seyedian publishing center. Ezzat, M, M. (1984). National Republic of Mahabad;A historical and political research.ShahidEbrahimAzopublishing center. Gavhari, H. (1999). Kurdistan revival group. Stockholm. Gavhari, H. (2011).Republic of Kurdistan. Erbil: Shahabpublishing center. Ghader, M, M. (2005). Political events in Iraqi Kurdistan (1945-1958).Suleimania: Kurdistan Strategy Research Center. Ghazi, M, R, S. (2008). The secrets of Ghazi Mohammad and comrades on trial. Translated by Majidi, A, A. Suleimania. Hesami, K. (1971). The caravan of the martyrs of Kurdistan of Iran. Peshewa publishing center. Ghaselmo, A. (1991). Forty years of struggle for freedom. From the publishing center of the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran. Ghaselmo, A. (1973). Kurdistan and Kurd; A political and economic research. Translated by Hasanzadeh, A. Peshewa publishing center. Hesami, K. (1996). Kurdistan of Iran (1947-1978). Stockholm. Hossein, D, H. (2008). Kurdish journalism; The period of the Democratic Republic of Kurdistan (1943-1947). Erbil. Howrami, D, A. (2008). Communications of the Republic of Kurdistan and the Republic of Azerbaijan and Disconnect at 1946. Suleimania. Intisar, N. (2004). Kurdish intonation. Translated by Gharadaghi, A. Suleimania: Tishkpublishing center. Hesami, K. (1986).My memories; From childhood to 1957. Stockholm. Hesami, K. (1986). Democratic Republic of Kurdistan or autonomy? Stockholm. Karimi, A. (2005). AbdullrahmanZabihi’s biography and story. Suleimania. Madani, H. (2001). Kurdistan and government strategies. Erbil. McDowall, D. (2002). Contemporary History of Kurdistan. Translated byKhoshnav, A. Suleimania. Mobley, A. R. (2002). Communications of the Republic of Kurdistan and the Republic of Azerbaijan. Translated by Ghazi, H. Modarresi, M, Gh. & Samadi, S, M. (1980). What was J-K? What did that want? What did happen to that? Mahabad: Seyedianpublishing center. Mokryani, H. (2007). Hemn’s poetry poem. Suleimania. Roosevelt, A. (2003). Kurd in the notes of Archibald Roosevelt. Translated by Mohammad, K. Suleimania Saïd, A. H. (2006). To be independent; Hope& J-K. ( Anestimated research). Suleimania. Sajjadi, A. (1959). Kurdish revolutions and republic of Iraq. Baghdad: Maaref publishing center. Salami, H. (2007). Leader of the uprising; Memories of SaïdHomayoon. Translated by Soltani, R. Erbil. Saleh, S. (2007). Memories of Mohammad Shahpasandi. Suleimania. Salam, N, Sh. (1999). What I remember. Saleh, Ch (red). Erbil. Sardashti, D, Y. (2011). Kurdistan of Iran; A A historical research.of Kurdish national liberation movements (1939-1979). Suleimania. Sharafkandi, A. (1997). Cheshtimjevr. Paris. Shamzini, A. (2006). National liberation movements. . Translated byAsasard, F. Suleimania Solatni, A & Ghazi, H. (2008). Saifolghozat Ghazi’s life and poetry (1876-1945). Suleimania: Zhin center. Soltani, A. (2005). East Kurdistan in the documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the United Kingdom. (Translated to Kurdish, 130 documents). Suleimania: Zhin center. Vali, A. (1995). The foundation and rise of kurdish nationalism in Iran. Translated by Ghazi, H. Sweden.
- Kurdish Magazine Complaint with Homeland. (1943). Nishtiman Magazine No.6, Year 1 Great October Revolution. (1944). Kurdistan Magazine No.5, Year 1 Mukriyani, H. (1943). Poems, Nishtiman Magazine No.3,4, Year 1 Our Goal. (1943). Nishtiman Magazine No.1, Year 1 Policy and Regulations of Kurdistan Democratic Party. (1945). Kurdistan Magazine No.1 Two Kurdish Girls in Turkey. (1945). Nishtiman Magazine No.7,8,9, Year 1 The People and Us. (1944). Nishtiman Magazine No.2, Year 1 Zebahi, R. (2003). A reply to Archibald Roosevelt and Jotyar Haji Tofigh Art and Literature Magazine No.4, Year 5
- Kurdish Newspaper Freedom of Religion in Russia. (1946). Kurdistan Newspaper No.73, Year 1 Generalissimus Stalin (For His 66thBirthday)1945. Kurdistan Newspaper No.1, Year 1 Kalanin, M.A. (1945). Kurdistan Newspaper No.24, Year 1 Kurdistan Democratic Party Member 1946. Kurdistan Newspaper No.79, Year 1 ********. (1945). Kurdistan Newspaper No.24, Year 1 Mukriyani, H. (1946). Awangi Sor (This poem was written when the Red Army Left) Kurdistan Newspaper No.44, Year 1 Mukriyani, H. (1945). Tal and Shirin PoemKurdistan Newspaper No.22, Year 1 Mukriyani, H. (1945). Freedom Party Poem Kurdistan Newspaper No.12 Outside of Society. (1946). Kurdistan Newspaper No.47 Parwada Newspaper Interview with Generalissimus Stalin, (1945). Kurdistan Newspaper No.29, Year 1 ********. (1945). Kurdistan Newspaper No.23, Year 1 ********. (1946). Kurdistan Newspaper No.56, Year 1 ********. (1946). Kurdistan Newspaper No.78, Year 1 Red Army 1945. Kurdistan Newspaper No.20, Year 1 Sharafkandi, A. (Hejar). (1945). Sad Bahar Nokari Aw Zistana Poem Kurdistan Newspaper No.11, Year 1 Siamandov, S. (1945). Brave Kurdish ChildKurdistan Newspaper No.6, Year 1 Stalinist constitution (Generalissimus Stalin Leader of U.S.S.R) 1945. Kurdistan Newspaper No.4, Year 1 The Great Nation of U.S.S.R. (1945). Kurdistan Newspaper No.30, Year 1
- Persian Books Atabaki, T. (1997). Azerbaijan in Contemporary Iran: Mohammad Karim Eshragh Babakhani, N. (2000). Abdol Rehman Zbayhi unfinished charisma, Publishing Sayyidan Bayat, K. (2010). Kurds and Democratic Party of Azerbaijan, reports from the US Consulate in Tabriz on February, 1944-March 1946 Catech, R. & Others, (2000). Iranian Oil, Cold War and the Azeri Crisis, translated by Kaveh Bayat Ghaderzadeh, M. (1995). Memories of Dr. Asou (Image of Mahabad) adventurous life Nekoorouh, M. (1998). Movement of Socialist Godfolk. Tayrani, B. (1997). Political Parties of Iran Documents, 1941-1951, Publications of National Organization of Iran
- Persian Magazine Abrishami, A. (2004). Kurdistan is always discoverable, landscape, specialty, political publication, Strategy, No. 3 Khadio, S. (2000). In defense of history (Critique of Ehsan Houshmand's article in Iran's perspective) Kurdistan message. Raja'I, S. A Look at the Religious Leftist, Journalists for Freedom, No.59 Vali, A. (1947). Kurd nationalism in Iran, Rashid Ahmad. Sajjadi, A. J-K from Junction of the Cultural Facilitation Paradigm to Political Radicalism, Rojhalat, No.17
There are 5 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 25, 2019 |
| Submission Date | July 3, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019Volume: 5 Issue: 1 |
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