Öz
Kurdish is a multi-dialect language, and has faced a linguistic challenge i.e., lack of a united linguistic policy, due to the absence of united authority of the Kurds. Also, there is not an adequate suggestion to standardize Kurdish language because of having opposite views. This article examines dialect continuum among Kurdish dialects by applying those words that were collected in the field of the research in some Kurdish populated towns and cities starting from the town of Pawa in Iran through some Kurdish populated areas in Kurdistan Region in Iraq to Zakho on the border with Turkey, underlining the necessity of a linguistic comparison between neighbouring towns phonetically. This is because dialect continuum might observe the changes between two dialects, and the border between A and B is called the area of the continuum. The question is that would the continuum area between main Kurdish dialects have ability to represent standard Kurdish, and would it resolve the standardization issue between both Sorani and Kurmanji dialects?
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kurdish language Dialect continuum Kurdish dialects Standard
Kaynakça
- Bloomfield, L., 1933. Language. New: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston.
- Chalki, M., 2009. هنادناشێپوخ دێك هد هد نێیباتوقهڤێیدێمائ ار هد ب نزاوخانهوخ اندناوخ یجنامروس اكوڤ ب ننیمود In a protest; Students in Amedi county do not want to study in Surmanji dialect. [Online] Available at: http://www.regaykurdistan.com/rega_ku/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3 50%3A2010-01-19-14-28-59&catid=48%3A2009-12-08-15-21-12&Itemid=191&lang=en [Accessed 20 Sep 2014].
- Curtis, G. & Hooglund, E., 2008. Iran, acountry study. 5th edition ed. s.l.:Liberary of Congress.
- Earle, E. M., 1925. The new constitution of Turkey. Political scince quarterly, 40(1), pp. pp. 89
- Edmonds, C., 1957. Kurds, Turks, and Arabs. First edition ed. London and New York: Oxford University Press.
- H.Khurshid, F., 1985. Kurdish language; geographical divition of Kurdish dialects ینامز یناکهتکێلاید ینووبشهباد و یدروک . 1st edition ed. Baghdad: Afaq publishing.
- H.Khurshid, F., 2008. Kurdish language and its dialect یناکهتکێلاید و یدروک ینامز. 1st edition ed.
- Sulaimanya: Sardam publication. Hama-amin, S. & Ali, B., 2006. Dialect and sub-dialect رازەوێش و راز . 1st edition ed.
- Sulaimanya: Chwarchira publishing. Hassanpour, A., 20 Kurdish Language Policy in Turkey. [Online] Available at: http://www.kurdishacademy.org/?q=node/129 [Accessed 21 Sep 2014].
- Khoshnaw, N., 2013. Kurdish Standard Language یدروک یدرادناتس ینامز. 1st edition ed. Erbil: Hivi publishing.
- M.Azeez, H., 2005. Linguistic sensation & Problems of Kurdish language و یناوهنامز یهقیلهس یدروک ینامز یناکهتفرگ. 2nd edition ed. Sulaimanya: Aro publishing.
- MacKenzie, D., 1961. The origins of Kurdish, Transactions of the Philological Society. chakika ed. chakika: chakika.
- McDowall, D., 2004. A Modern History of the Kurds. 3rd edition ed. London and New York : I.B.Tauris publishing.
- Methrie, R., 2000. Regional dialectology. In: R. Methrie, J. Swann, A. Deumert & W. L.
- Leap, eds. Introdusing sociolinguistics. Edinburagh: Edunburagh University Press, pp. 44-75. Nawkhosh, S. & Khoshnaw, N., 2011. Linguistics; Eightth part مهتشهه یگرهب ؛یناوهنامز. 1st ed.
- Erbil: Rojhalat publishing. Quiles, C. & Menchero, F. L., 2011. A grammer of modern Indo-European languages. Third
- Edition ed. Badajoz: The Indo-European language association . Sabir, R., 2008. Kurdish united language and Kurdish alphabet. Kurdology, 1(1), pp. 34-77.
- Tait, M., 1994. North America. In: R. E. A. M. T. Christopher Moseley, ed. Atlas of the World’s Languages. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 3-30.
- Windfuhr, G., 2009. The Iranian Languages. First edition ed. London and New York: Routledge.
Öz
Kurdish is a multi-dialect language, and has faced a linguistic challenge i.e., lack of a
united linguistic policy, due to the absence of united authority of the Kurds. Also, there is not
an adequate suggestion to standardize Kurdish language because of having opposite views.
This article examines dialect continuum among Kurdish dialects by applying those words that
were collected in the field of the research in some Kurdish populated towns and cities starting
from the town of Pawa in Iran through some Kurdish populated areas in Kurdistan Region in
Iraq to Zakho on the border with Turkey, underlining the necessity of a linguistic comparison
between neighbouring towns phonetically. This is because dialect continuum might observe
the changes between two dialects, and the border between A and B is called the area of the
continuum. The question is that would the continuum area between main Kurdish dialects
have ability to represent standard Kurdish, and would it resolve the standardization issue
between both Sorani and Kurmanji dialects?
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bloomfield, L., 1933. Language. New: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston.
- Chalki, M., 2009. هنادناشێپوخ دێك هد هد نێیباتوقهڤێیدێمائ ار هد ب نزاوخانهوخ اندناوخ یجنامروس اكوڤ ب ننیمود In a protest; Students in Amedi county do not want to study in Surmanji dialect. [Online] Available at: http://www.regaykurdistan.com/rega_ku/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3 50%3A2010-01-19-14-28-59&catid=48%3A2009-12-08-15-21-12&Itemid=191&lang=en [Accessed 20 Sep 2014].
- Curtis, G. & Hooglund, E., 2008. Iran, acountry study. 5th edition ed. s.l.:Liberary of Congress.
- Earle, E. M., 1925. The new constitution of Turkey. Political scince quarterly, 40(1), pp. pp. 89
- Edmonds, C., 1957. Kurds, Turks, and Arabs. First edition ed. London and New York: Oxford University Press.
- H.Khurshid, F., 1985. Kurdish language; geographical divition of Kurdish dialects ینامز یناکهتکێلاید ینووبشهباد و یدروک . 1st edition ed. Baghdad: Afaq publishing.
- H.Khurshid, F., 2008. Kurdish language and its dialect یناکهتکێلاید و یدروک ینامز. 1st edition ed.
- Sulaimanya: Sardam publication. Hama-amin, S. & Ali, B., 2006. Dialect and sub-dialect رازەوێش و راز . 1st edition ed.
- Sulaimanya: Chwarchira publishing. Hassanpour, A., 20 Kurdish Language Policy in Turkey. [Online] Available at: http://www.kurdishacademy.org/?q=node/129 [Accessed 21 Sep 2014].
- Khoshnaw, N., 2013. Kurdish Standard Language یدروک یدرادناتس ینامز. 1st edition ed. Erbil: Hivi publishing.
- M.Azeez, H., 2005. Linguistic sensation & Problems of Kurdish language و یناوهنامز یهقیلهس یدروک ینامز یناکهتفرگ. 2nd edition ed. Sulaimanya: Aro publishing.
- MacKenzie, D., 1961. The origins of Kurdish, Transactions of the Philological Society. chakika ed. chakika: chakika.
- McDowall, D., 2004. A Modern History of the Kurds. 3rd edition ed. London and New York : I.B.Tauris publishing.
- Methrie, R., 2000. Regional dialectology. In: R. Methrie, J. Swann, A. Deumert & W. L.
- Leap, eds. Introdusing sociolinguistics. Edinburagh: Edunburagh University Press, pp. 44-75. Nawkhosh, S. & Khoshnaw, N., 2011. Linguistics; Eightth part مهتشهه یگرهب ؛یناوهنامز. 1st ed.
- Erbil: Rojhalat publishing. Quiles, C. & Menchero, F. L., 2011. A grammer of modern Indo-European languages. Third
- Edition ed. Badajoz: The Indo-European language association . Sabir, R., 2008. Kurdish united language and Kurdish alphabet. Kurdology, 1(1), pp. 34-77.
- Tait, M., 1994. North America. In: R. E. A. M. T. Christopher Moseley, ed. Atlas of the World’s Languages. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 3-30.
- Windfuhr, G., 2009. The Iranian Languages. First edition ed. London and New York: Routledge.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Nisan 2015 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 29 Nisan 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2015 |
Cited By
BLARK for multi-dialect languages: towards the Kurdish BLARK
Language Resources and Evaluation
Hossein Hassani
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-017-9400-0
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